डा. पुष्करराज भट्ट: सिर्जनाको सौन्दर्य (समालोचना, २०६९)

सिर्जनाको सौन्दर्य (समालोचना, २०६९)

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s[lt M ;[hgfsf] ;f}Gbo{

ljwf M ;dfnf]rgf

;dfnf]rs M k'is/ /fh e§

k|sfzs M x]dGtL e§÷x]d /fh e§

;+:s/0f M k|yd, lj=;+= @)^(

;+Vof M %)) k|lt

;jf{lwsf/ M n]vsdf

cfj/0f lrq M sdn

d'b|0f M zfxaGw' ckm;]6 k|];

kmf]g g+ )(!–%@$($*

d"No M ¿= *)÷– -;fwf/0f_

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ISBN M 978-9937-2-5930-9

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g]kfnL ;flxTosf] lIflthdf ;'b"/ klZfrdaf6 pbfPsf Ps pHhjn gIfq k'is/ /fh e§sf] l;h{gfsf]] ;f}Gbo{{ sf] kf08'lnkL cWoog ug]{{ cj;/ kfPF . b]zsf ljleGg efudf l;h{gf/t ;flxTosf/sf ;flxlTos s[ltx¿sf] cWoog u/]/ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] k|:t't s[lt g]kfn jfª\dosf lgldQ Ps dxTjk"0f{ k|flKt xf] eGg] d 7fGb5' . e§n] :gftsf]Q/ / bz{gfrfo{sf] cWoogsf qmddf ;flxlTos ;dfnf]rgfaf/] cfh{g u/]]sf] 1fg, dfS;{jfbL lrGtgaf6 lgdf{0f ePsf] b[li6sf]0f tyf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cWoogaf6 k|fKt cWoognfO{ o; s[ltdf 3f]n]/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . o; s[[ltn] g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfdf e§sf] e/f];fnfUbf] ofqfaf/] oy]i6 ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 . s[[lt k|sfzgsf o; cj;/df d pgsf] sfo{{sf] xflb{s ;/fxgf ;lxt awfO{ 1fkg ub{5' .

g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfn] g]kfnsf ljleGg e"uf]ndf l;h{gf/t n]vsx¿ k|lt cem} Gofo ug{{ ;s]sf] 5}g . To;n] cem} km/flsnf] cfofdnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ ljsl;t x'g / km}lns cfjZos 5 . e§sf] k|:t't s[[ltn] To;tkm{{ s]xL kfOnf a9fPsf] 5 . ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwf // nf]s ;flxTolt/ klg cfFvf nufpFb} pgn] cfkm\gf] k|ltefåf/f ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ kqmg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ;Tk|of; ;bf cl3 al9 /xf];\ / pQ/f]Q/ pGgltsf] lzv/lt/ nlDs/xf];\ . olx d]/f] xflb{{s z'e sfdgf 5 .

@)^( k'; @# ut]

8f= hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L

g]kfnL s]]Gb||Lo ljefu

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno

sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+

ljifo ;"rL

!= k'g/fj[lQ pkGof;df cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf

@= 3'/ pkGof;sf] ;dfhzf:q

#= kfl/hftsf syfdf k'¿if kfqx¿

$= gf/L ;d:ofsf sf]0faf6 ls;fgsf sljtfsf] cWoog

%= w]/} ho/fhx¿ / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L syfsf] ;dfhzf:q

^= leIf'sf] 6fOlki6 syfdf åGåljwfg

&= lhj]Gb| b]j lu/Lsf] ;dfnf]rgf k4lt M g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjgsf] ;Gbe{df

*= slkn nfld5fg]sf] syfsfl/tf

(= hLjgLsf/ k|l>t / ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho

!)= e§sf] gd:sf/ lgaGwdf juL{otf

!!= syfsf/ gj/fh l/hfn / pgsf] syfsfl/tf

k'g/fj[lt pkGof;df cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf

!= ljifo k|j]z

k'g/fj[lt pkGof; ;flxTosf/ >]i7 lk|of kTy/ -@)@!_ åf/f n]lvPsf] xf] . g]kfnL uhnsf] If]qdf gfd rn]sL kTy/sf] cfVofg n]vg klg plts} ;zQm /x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] n]vg–ofqf pkGof;af6 k|f/De u/]sL kTy/sf xfn;Dd kltË/ -@)$*_, k'sf/ -@)$(_, /ª\ue"ld - @)%)_, dof{bf -@)%@_, sl;+u/ -@)%@_ / k'g/fj[lt -@)%&_ u/]/ ^ pkGof; s[ltx? k|sflzt 5g\ .

cfwf bh{gsf] ;+Vofdf pkGof; n]lvPtf klg logsf] pkGof; n]vg af/]df x'g'kg]{ hlt rrf{ ePsf] kfOFb}g\ . k'g/fj[lt pkGof;df pgn] klZrd t/fO{sf] hLjgnfO{ glhsaf6 x]g]{ / a'em\g] sfd u/]sL 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf s'g} lglZrt sfnv08df klZrd t/fO{sf yf? hfltsf] hLjg ef]ufO / pgLx?sf] clej[ltnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ sfo{ n]vsaf6 ePsf] kfOG5 . o; n]vdf pkGof;sf/ >]i7 lk|of kTy/sf] k'g/fj[lt pkGof;nfO{ cWoogsf] ljifo agfOPsf] 5 . klZrd t/fO{sf yf?x?sf] hghLjg, ToxfFsf] ;fdflhs ljlzi6tfsf ;fy} ;f+:s[lts b[li6af6 klg cWoog cfh dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .

n]vdf k'g/fj[lt pkGof;sf] ;f+:s[lts cWoog ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 / ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qLo lrGts /]d08 ljlnoD;sf] cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 . ljlnoD;sf] ;flxTo ;dLIffsf] cfwf/ cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf xf] . o;} ;Gbe{df o; n]vdf klg cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgfsf] sf]0faf6 s[ltsf] ljZn]if0f ul/g] 5 .

@= cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf M dfGotf / pkGof; ljZn]if0f 9fFrf

cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf a]nfotL lrGts /]dG8 ljlnod; -!(@!–!(**_ sf] ;f+:s[lts lrGtg xf] . dhb'/x?sf] hLjg ef]ufO / pgLx?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ glhsaf6 x]/]sf pgn] j]N;sf] >lds hghLjg / ToxfFsf] ;f+:s[lts r]tgf;Fu ulx/f] ;DaGw /fv]sf lyP . To;af6 1fg k|fKt u/L cfkm\gf] pkGof;df To;sf] hLjGt cleJolQm u/]sf lyP . a]nfotsf] clehfTo ;+:s[lt / ljrf/wf/f;Fu ;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfkm\gf] 7fpF agfPsf pgn] ;+:s[lt, ;flxTo tyf ;dfh af/]df cfkm\gf dfGotfsf] ljsf; ub}{ cfP . ;+:s[lts]Gb|L cWoognfO{ hf]8 lbg] ljlnoD; n]vsnfO{ ;+:s[lt / ;dfhdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / ltgsf larsf] ;DaGwsf] af]w x'g'kg]{ / To:tf n]vs dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ts{ ub{5g\ . pgL ;+:s[ltnfO{ tLg txdf ljefhg u5{g\ . klxnf] hLjGt cg'e"lt, bf];|f] b:tfj]hLo ?k / t];|f] klxnf] / bf];|f]sf] ;DaGwaf6 lgdf{0f ePsf] k/Dk/fsf] ;+:s[lt .]

pgsf ljrf/df ;+:s[ltsf] h'g b:tfj]hLo ?k bfz{lgs / l;h{gfTds s[ltdf kfOG5, To;df dfgjLo lrGtg / cg'ejsf] cleJolQm x'G5 . ;+:s[lt n]lvPsf] b:tfj]haf6 u|x0f ul/g] ljifo dfq geP/ of] ;dfhdf /x]sf] hLjGt cg'ej xf] . ;dfhdf dfgj ;d'bfo / jftfj/0f larsf] åGåfTds ;DaGwaf6 ag]sf] dfgj :jefjdf ;+:s[ltsf] cleJolQm x'G5 . - ljlnoD;, k[=%&, kf08]o, k[=!&# df p4t_ pgn] ;+:s[ltnfO{ d"Nox?sf] cfbz{ Joj:yf of k"0f{tfsf] vf]hL gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;du| hLjg k4ltsf] ?kdf kl/eflift ub}{ o;af6 ;fdflhs :j?k aGg] / Tof] cg'e"ltdo x'g] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

ljlnoD;n] ;+:s[lt, ;flxTo / ;dfhsf] hf]8g] s8Lsf ?kdf k/Dk/fnfO{ lnPsf 5g\ . k/Dk/fsf dfWodaf6 pgL ;dfh, ;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf larsf] ;DaGwx?sf] hl6ntfsf] JofVof ub{5g\ . pgn] k/Dk/fnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;lqmo rog / k'g{rogsf ?kdf cuf8L cfpg] / of] lg/k]If ;du|tf dfq gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . k/Dk/fsf] af]wdf ;Fw} rog, ;ª\u|x / Tofusf] b[li6 ;lqmo x'g] hf] ;fdflhs b[li6;Fu hf]l8G5 .

u|fD;Lsf] k|e'Tjsf] cjwf/0ffsf] ;xof]udf pgn] ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf ljljw e"ldsfsf] ljj]rgf u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;dfhdf s'g} Ps sfn ljz]ifdf Jojxf/x?, d"Nox? / clek|fox?sf] ;du| k4lt x'G5, h;nfO{ k|e'TjzfnL eGg ;lsG5 . o;;Fu} j}slNks Joj:yf x'G5, h;n] csf]{ k/Dk/fsf] nflu klg 7fpF agfpF5 . pgL k/Dk/fsf] cjlzi6 / pboLdfg k/Dk/fsf] klg rrf{ ub{5g\ . cjlzi6sf] cy{ To:tf] cg'ej, cy{ / d"No xf] h;sf] k|df0fLs/0f ;Dej gx'g' / k|wfg ;+:s[ltdf cleJoQm gx'g' xf] . ;dfhdf gofF d"No, Jojxf/, cg'ej / ;fy{stfx? lg/Gt/ lgdf{0f x'g] / ltgnfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt ug]{ k|of; k|e'TjzfnL / j}slNks k/Dk/fsf tkm{af6 eO/xG5 .

k|To]s sfnv08df tLg lkF9L x'g] s'/f ljlnoD; atfpF5g\ . klxnf] lkF9L k|e'TjzfnL x'G5 . bf];|f] jf t];|f] lkF9Ln] cl3Nnf] lkF9Lsf] k|e'Tjsf] ljsNkdf cfkm\gf] cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ / To;} qmddf bjfa / tgfjsf] l;h{gf ub{5\ . ljlnoD; o; lkF9L jf ;d"bfonfO{ k|e'TjzfnL ;f+:s[lts pTkfbs ;d"xsf] ;+1f lbG5g\ . pboLdfg lkF9L kl/lwdf x'G5 / of] ;txdf cfPsf] x'Fb}g t/ o;n] gofF d"No Pjd\ Jojxf/x? lgdf{0f u5{ . ;dfhsf] k|To]s sfnv08df oL lkF9L jf ;d"bfosf cfkm\gf cg'e"lt x'g] / tL cg'e"ltn] x/]s snfs[ltdf cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f x'g] s'/f ljlnoD;n] atfPsf 5g\ .

#= k'g/fj[ltsf] cfVofg ;Gbe{

k'g/fj[lt klZrd g]kfnsf yf?x?sf] hLjg syf xf] . sd}of aGg afWo lgDg juL{o yf?x?sf] hLjg / pgLx?sf] cg'e"ltnfO{ cleJoQm ug]{ sfd o; pkGof;df ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdGtL cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs zf]if0fdf afFr]sf yf?x? sfhL;fa / afa';fax?sf] k|e'Tj d'lg afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . sn]:jf, /fd/lt, ;f]lgof nufotsf kfqx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] cfly{s Pjd\ of}g zf]if0fsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df of] pkGof;sf] cfVofg ;Gbe{ 3'ld/x]sf] 5 . ;'dg / ;f]lgofsf] k|]d ;DaGw, To; ;Fu ;DalGwt 36gfx?sf ;fy} k|tfksf] pb08tf To;/L g} lzvf / ;f}/en] cfkm"v'zL ljjfx ug'{ cflb 36gfsf >[ª\vnfx? klg pkGof;df cfPsf 5g\ .

afa';fx]asf] PSnf] 5f]/f ;'dg sf7df8f}+af6 3/ kms{G5 . 3/ kms]{kl5 p;n] u/La sd}ofx?sf] xslxt sf] af/]df s'/f u5{ . ;doqmddf sd}ofsL 5f]/L ;f]lgof;Fu k|]d ub{5 . sfhL ;fxa / afa';fxasf] lardf ldqtf /x]sf] x'G5 . pgLx?n] Ps cfk;df 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ug]{ s'/f ub{5g\ . sfhL ;fxasf] 5f]/f k|tfkn] ;f]lgof;Fu xftkft ubf{ ;'dgn] k|ltsf/ ub{5 . ;'dgn] ;f]lgof;Fu ljjfx ug{ vf]Hbf afa';fa, sfhL;fa / k|tfk ldn]/ if8oGqd"ns 9+un] sf7df8f}+ k7fP/ ue{jtL ;f]lgofnfO{ csf]{ sd}of s]6f la;/fdsf] lhDdf nufOG5 . sfhL;fasL 5f]/L lzvfn] ;f}/e;Fu ljjfx ul5{g\ . sfhL;fa l/;fpF5g\ . cfkm\gf] k"j{ Oltxf;sf] s'sd{sf sf/0f jt{dfgdf c;xh cj:yf l;h{gf ePkl5 pgn] cfTdxTof ug'{ / ;'dgn] 3/ 5f]8g';Fu} pkGof; ;lsG5 . o; pkGof;df sn]:jfn] lj:yflkt eP/ cs}{ 7fpF sfd vf]Hg hfg' k/]sf] 5 eg] ;f]lgofn] dg k/]sf] o'js;Fu ljjfx ug{ kfPsL 5}g . ljjfx eGbf cuf8L ue{jtL x'g'kbf{ ef]Ug'k/]sf] ckdfgsf ;fy} ha{h:tL s;}sf] lhDdf nfu]/ lj:yflkt x'g' k/]sf] 5 . lgDgjuL{o u/La sd}of kl/jf/sf] hLjg bzfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] syf g} o; pkGof;sf] d"n cfVofg xf] . o; s[ltdf b]lvg] ;+:s[ltut ;Gbe{, ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] j}lzi6\o / km/s–km/s ;d'bfosf cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgfsf] oxfF cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .

$= k'g/fj[ltdf ;+:s[lt / cg'e"lt M lkF9L / k|e'Tjsf] ;Gbe{df

k'g/fj[lt pkGof; klZrd t/fO{sf] ;fdGtL ;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] hudf plePsf] 5 . sn]:jfsf] bf; hLjg, pm / p;sf] kl/jf/n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] cfly{s–;fdflhs pTkL8g ;fdGtjfbL ;fdflhs cfly{s ;+/rgfsf kl/0flt x'g\ . k|:t't pkGof;sf] ;f+:s[lts kLl7sf / tThGo cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf ToxL ;fdGtjfbL ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf ;f+:s[lts pTkfbgsf ?kdf b]vf kb{5 .

cfly{s b[li6n] afa';fa, sfhL;fa h:tf kfqx? ;fdGt ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ . JolQm kfq dfq geP/ Pp6f l;ª\uf] lkF9L / l;ª\uf] ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ . of] pkGof;sf/sf] kfq ljwfgut ;fd{Yo / ljlzi6 kIf klg xf] .

pkGof;df afa';fa, sfhL;fa h:tf JolQmx?n] k|e'TjzfnL lkF9Lsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . of] lkF9L cfly{s dfq ge} ;f+:s[lts k|e'Tj ;d]t sfod /fVg / csf]{ lkF9LnfO{ cfkm\gf] clwg:y /fVg k|of;/t /x]sf] 5 . pkGof;sf] k|f/Ded} afa';fasf] kl/ro lbOPsf] 5 . o; kl/ron] pgsf] / pgsf] kfl/jf/Ls k[i7e"ldsf] ;"rgf lbG5 . pkGof;df elgPsf] 5 M– æcF, ofL afa';fa klg cfkm\g} lktfsf] 5q5fFofdf x's]{/ cfkm\g} lktfsf] ;xof]uL e} cfPsf] x'gfn] logsf] rfnrng, /xg;xg, /f]a/jfkm klg cfkm\g} lktf ;/x lyof] . cyf{t hldGbf/L rnfpgdf lgk"0f{ ;fd, bfd, b08, e]b rf/} gLltdf el/k'0f{ . lktf dftfsf] lgwg kl5 bfO l;t cnlUuP/ bf];|f] ufpFdf a;] .Æ

o; kl/ron] afa';fasf] j}olQms rl/q dfq geP/ pgsf] kl/jf/sf] ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;d]t kl/ro lbG5 . afa';fan] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] lkF9Lsf] oyfy{ klg o;n] b]vfpF5 .

RofG6] eGg] gf]s/n] cln xfF;]/ af]Nbf p;sf] ultljwL dg gk/]/ sfhL;fan] afa';fanfO{ ;hu u/fPsf] 36gfn] klg k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltnfO{ /fd|/L cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 . sfhL;fasf] egfO o:tf] /x]sf] 5, ægf]s/ rfs/nfO{ cfkm\gf] d'v nfUg lbg' x'Gg x}, afa';fa . kl5 kl5 logLx?n] 6]g}}{ 5f]l8lbG5g\ . logLx?sf] hft} o:tf] . rfOg] hf] d'G6f] a6f/]/ ===hlt dfof u/] klg hfg] a]nfdf s's'/n] x8\8L 5f]8]/ uof h;/L hfG5g\ .Æ -k[= $_

oxfF lgDgjuL{o u/La gf]s/x? k|ltsf] sfhL;fasf] b[li6sf]0f cfPsf] 5 . gf]s/x? nfO{ bafP/, t;f{P/ /fVg'kg]{ / logLx? hlt dfof u/] klg kl5 s's'/n] x8\8L 5f]8]h:t} hfg] eGg] s'/fdf pgLx? k|ltsf] 3f]/ cljZjf; Pjd\ k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltsf] emns kfOG5 . ;dfhdf k|e'Tjsf] ;+:s[lt s;/L alnof] agfpg] eGg] lrGtgsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df of] egfO cfPsf] 5 .

afa';fasf 5f]/f ;'dgn] cfkm\gf] k9fO ;s]/ ufpF cfpFbf sd}ofsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ klg sfddf nufP/ zf]if0f ul/Psf] / pgLx? nfO{ klg k9g k7fpg' kg]{ s'/f /fv]kl5sf] afa';fasf] k|ltlqmofn] cfkm"x?n] pgLx? dfly bof u/]sf] / ToxL bofsf ann] pgLx? afFr]sf] eGg] egfO cfPsf] 5 . afa';fasf] of] egfO pgdf /x]sf] clehfTo juL{o lrGtgsf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f xf] . afa';fan] cfkm\gf] cleJolQm o;/L lbPsf 5g\ M–æltgLx? nfO{ ;fg} pd]/b]lv /f]huf/ xfdLn] lbPsf 5f}+ . ;fg} pd]/b]lv v'§fdf pleg xfdLn] l;sfO{ lbPsf 5f}+ . km]l/ otflt/ sfd ug]{ ;a} sd}ofx?sf] xfn o:t} 5 . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ k9fpg ;Sg] xljut klg x'g'k¥of] .Æ

afa';fasf] o; egfOdf pgsf] k|e'TjzfnL juL{o lrGtgnfO{ k|:t't ug'{sf ;fy} sd}ofx?sf] cefju|:t hLjgnfO{ klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx? ;fwgxLg, pkfoxLg h:tf] eP/ afFlr/x]sf] s'/f o; sygdf cfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs, cfly{s Joj:yfn] s;/L u/La sd}ofx?sf] hLjg gf/sLo ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f sfhL;fasf] pb08 k'q k|tfksf] egfOn] klg k|i6fpF5 . æoxfFsf] rng t /fd|f] 5, of/ . Sof dhfl;t pgLx? dfly x's'd rnfP/ vfg kfOG5 . cfkm"n] 9n]sf] s'rf] ;d]t p7fpg kb}{g\ . oxfFsf] h:tf] ;:tf] sfdbf/ sxfF kfOG5 / of/ < ====oxfF x]/, vfg nfpg lbP dfq Sof dhfl;t sfddf hf]tfpg kfOG5 .Æ -k[= !%_

o; pkGof;df /x]sf pTkLl8t kfqx?df ;d]t k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltsf] 5gs kfOG5 . afa';fasf] 5f]/f ;'dgn] sd}ofx? sxfF uP/ s]xL ;do a;]sf] / s'/f u/]sf] b]v]/ Ps hgf sd}ofsf] k|ltlqmofn] p;df k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltsf] 5fk /fd|f];Fu b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df nfntfsf] egfO o:tf] /x]sf] 5 M–ænfu7, zx/d] k9s] oL afa's lbdfu v/fa xf]Oun afÆ -nfU5, zx/df k9]/ oL afa'sf] lbdfu v/fa ePh:tf] 5 ._

oxfF nfntf cfkm} klg hldGbf/sf] sd}of a;]sf] 5 . c?n] h:t} p;n] klg b'Mv ef]u]sf] 5 . olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg p;n] hldGbf/sf] eGbf leGg ;'dgsf] Jojxf/nfO{ cgf}7f] ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . hldGbf/ kl/jf/sf] ePsf]n] ;'dgn] cfkm\gf] lktfk'vf{sf] kysf] cg's/0f ug'{k5{ eGg] p;sf] lrGtg ljkl/t ;'dgsf] lqmofsnfk cfPsf]n] p;n] o:tf] k|ltlqmof lbPsf] 5 . of] k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltsf] jr{:j ;fdfGo u/Ladf klg k5{ / To;n] k|e'Tj sfod u5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;+s]t xf] .

o;/L g} sn]:jfsL 5f]/L ;f]lgofdf klg k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj kfOG5 . ;'dgsf] k|]ddf k/]/ ue{jtL ePkl5 klg cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu n8g' kg]{df pm t emg knfogsf] af6f] /f]Hg k'U5] . ;'dgn] ;f]lgof;Fu ljjfx ug{ vf]Hbf afa';fan] cfTdxTof ug]{ wDsL lbPkl5 cfPsf] ;f]lgofsf] cleJolQmn] p;df /x]sf] lrGtgnfO{ k'li6 ub{5\ M–æxh'/, oxLF /fh xf];\ afa', d hfG5' . Pp6f u/La sd}ofsf] em'k8Ldf hGd]/ cfkm\gf] x}l;ot eGbf dfly p6g vf]Hg' d]/} e"n lyof] .Æ

;'dg;Fu k|]d u/]/ ue{jtL ePkl5 klg cfkm" sd x}l;otsf] ePsf], u/La sd}ofsf] kl/jf/df hGd]/ klg hldGbf/sf] 5f]/f;Fu k|]d u/]/ e'n u/]sf] k|ltlqmofn] p;df /x]sf] lxgtfaf]w :ki6 b]vfpF5\ . u/Lan] hldGbf/sf] a/fa/Ldf cfpg vf]Hg' x'Fb}g, vf]h] b'Mv kfOG5 eGg] p;sf] ;f]rfOn] p;df /x]sf] ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] k|e'Tj / cjr]tg ?kd} To;af6 k|efljt ePsf] ljlzi6 cg'e"lt xf] . ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] j}slNks ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; gePsf] ;dfhdf ;fdGtL cg'e"ltnfO{ klg u/La lgd'vfx?n] cfkm\g} cg'e"lt 7fGg' g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Ps sfnv08sf] ljlzi6 cj:yf xf] / o; ljlzi6 cg'e"lt / cj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L lrq0f ug{df pkGof;sf/ ;kmn / ;dy{ 5g\ .

o; pkGof;df /x]sf kfqx? lgtfGt j}olQms kfqx? xf]Ogg\ . afa';fa / sfhL;fa k|efjzfnL ;d'bfosf kfqx? x'g\ h;n]] hfnem]n, lts8d / if8oGq u/]/ lgd'vf sd}ofnfO{ bf; agfpg] / pgLx?sf] zf]if0f ug]{ ub{5g\ . o;/L lkF9Lut k|e'Tj / To;sf] ;f+:s[lts r]tgf clg To; ;+:s[ltsf] csf]{ lkF9L jf ;d'bfodf k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ k'g/fj[lt pkGof;n] lgs} k|efjk"0f{ cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 .

%= k'g/fj[ltdf ;+:s[lt / cg'e"lt M bjfa / tgfjsf] ;Gbe{df

k'g/fj[lt pkGof;sf] ;+/rgf ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] bjfadf csf]{ ;d"bfo jf lkF9Ln] u/]sf] ljlzi6 cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t 5 . afa';fa / sfhL;fax?sf] lkF9L÷;d'bfon] ul//x]sf] cfly{s–;fdflhs pTkL8g / x]kfxf k|j[ltn] sn]:jf, la;/fd, ;f]lgof nufotsf sd}ofx?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] cg'e"ltaf6 g} pkGof;sf] cGt{j:t' lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .

k'g/fj[lt pkGof;df lgw{g sd}ofx?sf] hLjg ef]ufOsf cg'e"ltx? ;hLj 9+un] cfPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf]]] clwsf/sf nflu ;+ul7t eP/ cfjfh p7fpg ;'dgn] eg]kl5 sn]:jfn] cleJoQm u/]sf] egfOaf6 p;df pTkGg bjfa / tgfjnfO{ k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . sn]:jfn] sd}ofx?sf] hLjgrof{nfO{ o;/L cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 . æklxnf] s'/f t s] eg]====clxn] klg xfdLn] k|foM k|To]s jif{ Ps ufpFaf6 csf]{ ufpFdf hLljsf rnfpg a;f]af; ;g'{ k5{ . slxn] cfkm\gf] OR5fn] t slxn] dflnsx?n] lgsfnL lbG5g\====afWo eP/ hfg' k5{ .Æ -k[= @&_

o;/L sn]:jfsf] cg'e"ltn] sd}ofx?sf] lbgxLg cj:yfnfO{ g} hgfpF5 . p;sf] oxL cg'e"ltn] pTkGg bjfa / tgfjn] ljlzi6 vfn] cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . sd}ofx?sf] clglZrt hLjgnfO{ bzf{pg] sfd o; ;+jfbaf6 ePsf] 5 .

sfhL;fan] efteGbf hfF8 a9L vfg] x'gfn] ul/a ePsf] egfO{n] sd}of ;'lvofdf pTkGg bjfa / tgfjnfO{ p;sf] cleJolQmn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . ;'lvofn] eg]sf] 5, æToxL v]tsf] cgfhn] xfdL hfF8;Dd vfG5f}+ n]lsg pxL v]tsf] cgfh;] xh'/x? dhf dhf vfg], b]z ljb]z 3'Dg], df]hd:tL ug]{, n8sg x] zx/d] k9fpg] bf];/ t/km xfdL ?vf ;'vf vfg], kmf6n lr6n nufpg] .Æ -k[= $#_

;'lvofn] hfF8 vfP/ cfqmf]lzt eP/ eg]klg p;sf] of] egfOn] cg'e"ltsf] ljlzi6 ;+/rgf lgdf{0f lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . pxL v]tn] hldGbf/ ju{ lbglbg} ;DkGg x'g] / sd}of lbglbg} ljkGg x'g] cj:yfsf] lgdf{0f s;/L eof] < oxL k|Zgsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df ;'lvofsf] cleJolQm cfPsf] 5 . sd}ofn] hlt;'s} >d u/]klg p;n] slxNo} ;'vk'j{s afFRg kfPgg\ . pgLx?sf] hLjgdfly k|e'Tj hdfpg] ju{sf] lj/f]wdf p;sf] of] cleJolQm cfPsf] 5 . p;sf] cfqmf]zn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg tkm{ kxn gu/] klg oyfy{sf] Ps kf6f]nfO{ eg] pbfª\uf] kf/]sf] 5 .

sd}of sn]:jfsf] tgfjsf] pTsif{ p;nfO{ afa';fan] sfdaf6 lgsflnlbPkl5 pTkGg ePsf] 5 . Psflt/ 5f]/Lsf] hLjg dfly hldGbf/ ju{n] v]njf8 ug'{ / csf]{lt/ sfdaf6 lgsflng'n] p;nfO{ yk bjfa l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . pm Tof] ufpF 5f]8]/ csf]{ ufpF hfg nfUbf cfkm\gL >LdtL a'wgLnfO{ eg]sf oL ;+jfbn] klg p;sf] dgl:yltnfO{ lrq0f ub{5\ . sn]:jfn] cfkm\gf] kL8f o;/L kf]v]sf] 5 M–æxd|] sd}ogs] sf]O ufpF7fpF gxLF /x7 /L . xdf/ d]xgt xL xdf/ ufpF xf]==== xdf/ ;dfh xf] . ha oL 7fpF xL xdf/ ul/aLs kmfObf p7fOn, aLr 6fOdd] sfd l5gn, xdf/ a]OHht s/fOn tf] sfs/] /xL oL ufpFd] .Æ -xfdL sd}ofsf] s'g} ufpF x'Fb}g . xfd|f] d]xgt g} xfd|f] ufpF xf]====xfd|f] ;dfh xf] . ha of] 7fpFn] xfd|f] ul/aLsf] kmfObf p7fof], lar ;dodf sfd vf]:of], xfd|f] a]OHht u¥of] . of] 7fpFdf lsg a:g] <_

oxfF sn]:jfn] Tof] 7fpF 5f8g gdfg]klg k|e'TjzfnL lkF9Lsf] k/kL8s Jojxf/n] p;n] 7fpF 5f8]/ hfg' k/]sf] 5 . ul/aLsf] kmfObf p7fP/ lar ;dodf sfd vf];]sf] / a]OHht ePsf] o:tf] 7fpFdf a:g grfxg' p;sf] OR5f eGbf afWotf xf] . lj8Dagfk"0f{ of] cg'e"ltn] Pp6f sfnv08sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f k':tf jf Pp6f ;d'bfon] ug'{ k/]sf] tgfjhGo cg'e"lt xf] . k'g/fj[lt pkGof;df oxL cleJolQm ;zQm ?kn] cfPsf] 5 .

k'g/fj[lt pkGof; d"ntM klZrd t/fO{sf sd}ofx?sf] hLjg ;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . sd}ofx?sf] hLjg ufyf;Fu pkGof;df cfPsf cGo pksygfTds ;Gbe{ klg cfPsf 5g\ . hldGbf/ afa';fasf 5f]/f ;'dgsf] sd}ofsL 5f]/L ;f]lgof;Fusf] k|]d k|;ª\u o; pkGof;sf] k|d'v k|;ª\u dWo] xf] . sd}ofx?sf] cj:yf ;'wfg{ rfxg] ;'dg ;f]lgofsf] ;f}Gbo{af6 k|efljt eP/ pm;Fu k|]d ug{ k'U5 . cfkm\gf] k|]dnfO{ 6'ª\uf]df k'¥ofpg g;Sg'sf ;fy} sd}ofx?sf] cj:yfdf klg ;'wf/ Nofpg ;Sb}g . clGtddf cfkm\gf lktfsf] lqmofsnfkaf6 cflht eP/ 3/ 5f]8]/ hfG5 . p;sf] of] knfogn] ;dfhdf s'g} kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sb}g . /fhg}lts bn / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ufnL ug]{ pm k|f/Dedf PSnf] jL/ aGg vf]H5 . kl5 ljleGg k|lts'n l:ylt / cfkm\g} b'a{ntsf sf/0f p;sf] knfog x'G5 . To;/L g} k|f/Dedf ;'dg;Fu k|]d ug]{ ;f]lgof kl5 la;/fdsf] lhDdf nufOFbf r'krfk p;sf] kl5 nfU5] . pkGof;df d"n gfos–gflosfsf] c;kmntfn] l;h{gf u/]sf k|Zgx? cg'Ql/Q g} 5g\ .

;'dgdf :ki6tM s'g} j}rfl/s b[li6sf]0f gx'g' / JolQmut cfj]u / nx8df rNg'n] p;sf] JolQmTjdf x|f; cfPsf] kfOG5 . oxfFlg/ s] k|Zg p7g ;S5 eg] s] ;f]lgofsf] k|]ddf afFlwgfn] dfq} pm sd}ofsf] z'elrGts ePsf] xf] < ;f]lgof;Fusf] of}g ;dfud kl5 ;f]lgof ue{jtL ePsf] yfxf gkfpg' / pkGof; el/ Ps lsl;dn] lxFl8/x]sf] dfG5] ;fyLsf] kmf]g cfpFb}df ;a s'/f 5f]8]/ sf7df8f}+ hfg' nufotsf 36gf klg c:jefljs nfU5g\ . cfkm" ue{jtL ePsf] s'/f ;f]lgofn] ;'dg;Dd k'¥ofpg g;Sg' klg c:jfefljs nfU5 . ;'dg cl3Nnf] k':tfaf6 bldt ePs}n] p;n] s'g} cu|ufdL sbd rfNg ;Sb}g a? knfogsf] af6f] /f]H5 . ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf p;sf] e"ldsf b]lvFb}g . j}slNks lkF9Lsf ?kdf p;sf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

pkGof;df cfPsf] kfq la;/fd / lzvfsf] klg oxfF pNn]v ug'{ plrt b]lvG5 . la;/fdn] if8oGqaf6 cnkq kfl/PsL ue{jtL ;f]lgofnfO{ cfkm\gL kTgL agfpg l:jsf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf Tofu / ;d{k0f ug]{ la;/fd h:tf kfqx?n] ubf{ ;f]lgof h:tf gf/Lx?n] cnkq x'gaf6 aRg' k/]sf] 5 . la;/fdsf] oxL sfo{n] p;nfO{ gofF ;+:s[ltsf] jfxssf ?kdf lrgfPsf] 5 . To;/L g} hldGbf/ sfhL;fasL 5f]/L lzvfn] cfkm"eGbf ljkGg ePsf] ;Fu} k9g] ;fyL ;f}/e;Fu ljjfx u/]/ k|e'TjzfnL ;+:s[ltnfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsL 5g\ . hldGbf/ k'q hlt;'s} rl/qxLg ePklg p;nfO{ afWotfjz cª\ufNg' kg]{ / 5f]/L ePs} sf/0f afa'cfdfn] eg]sf] 7fpFd} ljjfx ug'{kg]{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ p;n] r'gf}tL lbPsL 5 . p;sf] o; sfo{af6 k|e'TjzfnL lkF9Ln] ;+3ft a]xf]g'{sf ;fy} p;nfO{ pboLdfg lkF9Lsf ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . o;/L pkGof;df cfPsf la;/fd / lzvfh:tf kfqx?n] gofF ;+:s[lt lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . k|e'TjzfnL lkF9Lsf] ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] sfd pgLx?n] u/]sf 5g\ .

sd}ofx?sf] ;d:of ;fd"lxs ;d:of xf] . Tof] sn]:jf / p;sf] kl/jf/sf] dfq kL8f xf]Og . ;a} sd}ofx?sf] kL8f xf] . o:tf] ;fdflhs kIfnfO{ j}olQms ;d:ofsf ?kdf a'em\g] sfd pkGof;df ul/Psf] 5 . afa';fan] u/]sf] ljutsf] ck/fwsf] ;hfo lbgsf nflu h'g tl/sf ckgfOPsf] 5 , Tof] hfoh 5 < lgZro g} hfoh 5}g . a'wgLn] u/]sf sfo{x?n] JolQmut abnf t lnOPsf] 5 t/ To;n] pTkGg kl/0ffdx?n] ;dfhdf s'g} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cem a'wgL / p;sf] kl/jf/df klg s'g} kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5}g . s;}n] cfkm"nfO{ kL8f lbPsf] 5 eg] p;nfO{ emg kL8f yKg' / p;sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? nfO{ ;d]t bl08t ug'{ sxfF ;Dd plrt x'G5 < afa';fan] u/]sf sfo{x? ;fdGtjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGw ;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ . ;dfhdf /x]sf] juL{o cGt{lj/f]wsf] cGTo gu/];Dd ;dfh kl/jt{g s;/L x'G5 < s;}nfO{ cfTdxTof ug]{ tx;Dd k'¥ofpg' / s;}nfO{ 3/ 5f]8/ hfg nufpg'n] JolQmut abnf k'/f ePklg ;dfhdf /x]sf] ;fdGtjfbL ;+:sf/ Pjd\ ;+:s[ltdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . Tof] oyfjt sfod} /x]sf] 5 . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf nflu pTkLl8t ju{sf] ;fd'lxs c7f]6 Pjd\ lqmofzLntf rflxG5 . o;tkm{ pkGof; k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . oxL g} o; pkGof;sf] ;Ldf xf] .

/fhg}lts bnsf Psfw g]tfn] ;doqmddf uNtL u/]sf x'g;S5g\ . To;sf] cy{ ;Dk'0f{ /fhgLlt g} v/fa xf] eGg] xf]Og . ;dfh ljsf;qmddf hlt klg kl/jt{g, qmflGt clg gofF ljrf/, ;+:sf/ clg ;+:s[lt cfPsf] 5, To;sf] h8df /fhgLlt g} /x]sf] 5 . /fhgLltnfO{ ufnL u/]/ j}olQms nx8 Pjd\ cfu|xn] dfq ;dfhdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] b'lgofFdf sxLF st} 5}g . sd}ofx?sf] hLjg / pgLx?sf] clwsf/ h:tf] kIf klg o;};Fu hf]l8g hfG5 . pkGof;df h] h;/L /fhgLlt k|lt ljt[i0ff Pjd\ lj/f]w 5, To;n] ;dfhdf c/fhs lrGtgnfO{ g} a9fpgdf hf]8 lbg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlt;Fu cnu /x]/ JolQmut cfj]usf cfwf/df h'g 9+un] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5, To;n] pkGof; b'3{l6t ePsf] 5 .

^= lgisif{

o; pkGof;df lgDgjuL{o sd}ofx?n] ef]u]sf] bjfa / tgfjhGo ljlzi6 cg'e"lt dfq geO{ sn]:jf, a'w/fd / ;f]lgofsf] clglZrt uGtJolt/sf] afWosf/L a;fO ;/fO{sf] 36gfn] hGdfPsf] ljlzi6 cg'e"ltn] ubf{ o;df lkF9Lut cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf lgs} ;zQm 9+un] JoQm ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|e'TjzfnL lkF9Lsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s cflwkTo / To;sf] k|efj a]xf]g{ afWo ljkGg ;d'bfosf] ;ª\s6do bf?0f hLjg bzf clg To;nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ / To;af6 aRg] rfxgf / k|of;larsf] bjfj / tgfjk"0f{ ;DaGwaf6 Psflt/ ljlzi6 ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] cg'e"ltsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f x'g'sf] ;fy} To;}af6 pkGof;sf] cGt{j:t' lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . bjfa / tgfjsf] ;dfwfg :j?k oxfF s'g} 7f]; j}slNks ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5}g / To:tf] k':tf klg cl:tTjzfnL 5}g . ;fdflhs–cfly{s pTkL8g h:tf] ljifonfO{ j}olQms txdf ;+s'rg u/]/ abnfsf] txdf nUg' / Pp6} xf8gftfsf efO alxgL lar ;ª\;u{ x'g] cj:yf tof/ ul/lbg' / cGTodf afa';fasf] cfTdxTof / ;'dgsf] knfogn] a'wgLsf] JolQmut abnf t k'/f ePsf] 5 t/ To;n] ;dfhdf s'g} kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5}g . ;fdflhs ;d:ofnfO{ ToxL ?kdf a'em\g] / To;} cg';f/ ;dfwfgsf] pkfo vf]Hg] tkm{ Wofg lbg g;Sbf pkGof;n] ;xL dfu{ b]vfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;"rL

kTy/, >]i7 lk|of= k'g/fj[lt= lj/f6gu/ M jf0fL k|sfzg= @)%& .

kf08]o, d}g]h/= ;flxTo s] ;dfhzf:q sL e"ldsf= t[=;= rG9Lu9 M xl/of0ff ;flxTo csfbdL= ;g\ @))^ .

3'/ pkGof;sf] ;dfhzf:q

!= ljifo k|j]z

syf, pkGof;, sljtf, lgaGw, ;dfnf]rgf, afn ;flxTo, efiff–Jofs/0fsf If]qdf snd rnfpg] wL/s'df/ >]i7 -@)!*_ sf] kl5Nnf] pkGof; 3'/ -@)^$_ xf] . g]kfnL cfVofgsf If]qdf k|f/De cyf{t ;'?jft -syf ;ª\u|x_ k|sflzt u/fO{;s]sf >]i7sf] 3'/ pkGof;df g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f ljlzi6 sfnv08sf] ljlzi6 cg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

lj=;= @)^# ;fndf ePsf] t/fO{ cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df 5'§} :yfg /fVb5 . o;n] Psflt/ t/fO{sf d'2fnfO{ ha{h:t ?kdf p7fpg] sfd u¥of] . cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ;fdflhs ;befj layf]lng] sfd x'Fbf dflg;x?n] b'Mv kfP . t/fO{ cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ePsf 36gfx? / tL 36gfx?sf] k[i7e"lddf dflg;x?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf cg'e"ltx?sf cfwf/df 3'/ pkGof;sf] ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qsf lrGts uf]N8dfgsf] ljZjb[li6nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ oxfF s[ltsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

@= ljZjb[li6 ;DaGwL uf]N8dfgsf] dfGotf

n'l;FP uf]N8dfg dfS;{jfbaf6 k|efljt n]vs x'g\ . k|mfG;sf afl;Gbf logn] ju{ ;+3if{ / ju{r]tgf ;DaGwL dfGotfdf km/s dt /fv]sf 5g\ . logsf] ;flxlTos lrGtgnfO{ ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qsf ?kdf JofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . uf]N8dfgsf] l;4fGtnfO{ pTklQd"ns ;+/rgfjfb elgG5 .

k|To]s s[lt n]vssf] l;h{gf xf] / To;n] n]vssf ljrf/ tyf cg'e"ltnfO{ JoQm u5{ t/ Tof] n]vssf] lgtfGt cfkm\gf] x'Fb}g . x/]s n]vs ;dfh tyf ju{ cGo lrGtgsf] k|efjdf x'G5 . ;dfhdf /x]sf lrGtgsf] k|efj p;sf s[ltdf k5{ .

;flxlTos s[ltn] ;fd"lxs r]tgfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u5{ . Tof] n]vssf] lghL lgld{tL dfq geP/ To; ju{ jf ;d'bfosf cGo JolQm jf ;d'bfosf cGo JolQm klg To; ljZjb[li6df ;xefuL x'G5g / Pp6f ju{, ;d'bfosf] k"0f{td ;Defljt r]tgfaf6 ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . of] uf]N8dfgsf] l;4fGtsf] d"n kIf xf] .

uf]N8dfgsf cg';f/ Pp6f ju{ jf ;d"xsf] hLjg hutsf af/]df ;';+ut b[li6 g} ljZjb[li6 xf] . dflg;x?n] Pp6f ;fd"lxs r]tgfsf] lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . leGg leGg k];f, ju{, kl/jf/, kl/lrt ckl/lrt, /fli6o, cGt{/fli6o If]qsf ;d"x dWo] k|To]sn] Ps csf]{df r]tgfdf k|efj kfb{5g\ / Pp6f cgf}7f], hl6n tyf lj>[+vn ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{tf s'g} Ps JolQm x'Fb}g . l;+uf] ju{ jf ;d"bfo x'G5 . /rgfdf of] wf/0ff / sNkgfsf dfWodaf6 JoQm x'G5

ljZjb[li6 Pp6f lglZrt sfnv08df Pp6f ju{sf] ljrf/, cg'e"lt / Jojxf/sf] ;du|tfdf k|s6 x'G5 . ljZjb[li6 ;fdflhs ju{sf] hLjgdf lglxt x'G5 t/ Tof] bz{g, snf / ;flxTodf JoQm x'G5 . To;}n] ljZjb[li6sf] vf]hsf] cf/De s[ltaf6 x'G5, ju{ cWoogaf6 x'Fb}g . pgL To;nfO{ ljrf/wf/f jf ju{r]tgf eGb}gg\ . pgL ljrf/wf/fnfO{ 5bd r]tgf eG5g\ clg ju{nfO{ cfly{s ju{sf ?kdf xf]Og, ;fdflhs ju{sf ?kdf lnG5g\ .

uf]N8dfg s'g} ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf] ;+/rgf ;Fu s[ltleq ;+/lrt ;+;f/sf] ;+/rgfsf] ;dwld{tf x'G5 eG5g . o;nfO{ pgL ;+/rgfsf] ;dwld{tf klg eG5g\ . ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qLn] oxL ;dfgwld{tfsf] vf]hL ug]{ ug'{k5{ . dxfg /rgfdf of] ;dfgwld{tfsf] ;DaGw /xG5 .

pgL n]vssf] clek|fonfO{ / To;}u/L n]vsdfly k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ s[lt d"Nof+sgsf] nflu Tolt dxTj lbFb}gg\ . Pp6f n]vssf] JolQmsf] cg'ej olt ;+s'lrt x'G5 sL To;af6 ;fy{s dfgl;s ;+/rgf ljZjb[li6 ;Dej 5}g . To;sf] /rgf Pp6f ;fdflhs ju{n] nfdf] ;dodf ug{ ;S5 / To;}n] /rgfdf o;sf] cWoog cfjZos x'g] pgsf] ts{ 5 .

#= 3'/ pkGof;sf] cfVofg ;Gbe{

3'/ pkGof; t/fO{ cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"lddf tof/ ePsf] xf] . t/fO{df jiff}{+b]lv a;f]af; ul//x]sf kxf8L ;d'bfosf d kfqsf] cg'e"ltsf] s]Gb|Lotfdf of] pkGof;sf] cfVofg tof/ ePsf] kfOG5 . t/fO{ aGbsf a]nf 3/lt/ hfg lxFl8/x]sf d kfq, a; ofqfdf /xFbfsf cg'e"ltx?, af6fdf cfPsf cj/f]wx?,3/ -;Kt/L_ k'u]kl5sf ToxfFsf 36gfx? / clGtddf sf7df8f}+ kms{Fbf;Dd ef]Ug'k/]sf cg'ej, ;f:tLsf cfwf/df of] pkGof; tof/ ePsf] xf] . t/fO{ cfGbf]ng / To;;Fu ;DalGwt leGg leGg b[li6sf]0fsf hudf of] pkGof; plePsf] 5 . /fHon] cfkm"nfO{ jiff}{Fb]lv pk]lIft u/]sf]n] clwsf/sf nflu n8g'kg]{ lrGtg Psflt/ cfGbf]ngsf/Ldf 5 eg] cfGbf]ngsf qmddf hftLo 3[0ffsf sf/0f pk]lIft ePsf] hLjg ef]ufO kxf8L d"nsf t/fO{jf;L hg;d'bfosf] 5 . o;/L leGg leGg cg'e"ltsf dfWodaf6 pTkGg ePsf] hLjg oyfy{sf cg]sg kIfx? o; pkGof;sf cfVofg ;Gbe{ x'g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f sfnv08df t/fO{sf hgtfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] cg'e"ltnfO{ cgfj/0f ug]{ sfo{ 3'/ pkGof;n] u/]sf] 5 .

o; pkGof;df b]lvg] hLjg oyfy{, ;dsfnsf] ;Gbe{, ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] j}lzi7\o / km/s–km/s k[i7e"ld ePsf t/fO{sf hgtfsf] ljZjb[li6sf] cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .

$= 3'/ pkGof;df ljZjb[li6

3'/ pkGof; t/fO{ cfGbf]ngsf] k|i7e"lddf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . t/fO{ cfGbf]ng / o;nfO{ x]g]{ k[i7e"ldsf cfwf/df ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . o; pkGof;df Psflt/ dw];L d"nsf t/fO{jf;L, hf] cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf 5g\, pgLx?sf] ljZjb[li6 cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfGbf]ngsf qmddf df/df k/]sf u}/ dw];L t/fO{jf;Lsf] ljZjb[li6 cfPsf] 5 .

pkGof;df aGb ePb]lvsf 36gf cfPsf 5g\ . jiff}{Fb]lv t/fO{jf;L dw];Ld"nsf dflg; pk]lIft /x]sf / ;'ljwf, cj;/ hlt kxf8Ld"nsf dflg;x?n] Psnf}6L pkef]u u/]sf]n] clwsf/sf nflu n8g' k/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ts{ /x]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df cfGbf]ngsL Ps g]t[ cljlbtf d08nn] o;/L cfj]zo'Qm efif0f u/]sf] kfOG5M– æcfh;Dd tkfFOn] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 < b]zsf] dxTjk"0f{ kbdf s'g} dw];L k'u]sf] < oqf ;lrj 5g, sf]xL dw];L 5 < ;]gf, k'ln;sf 7"nf kbdf s'g} dw];L k'u]sf] 5 . dw];Ln] cfkm\gf] lg0f{o cfkm} ug{ kfpg'k5{ . kxfl8ofn] agfPsf] sfg'gaf6 dw];Ln] zfl;t x'g] xf]Og .Æ -k[= %@_

o; egfO{df Psflt/ /fHok|lt cfqmf]z JoQm ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ Pp6f l;ª\uf] ;d'bfok|ltsf] cljZjf; emlNsPsf] 5 .

;dfhdf ;a}vfn] r]tgf ePsf dflg; x'G5g\ . sltko c?nfO{ kL8f lbP/ cfkm\gf] clwsf/ kfOG5 eGg] ;f]r /fVb5g\ eg] sltko c?nfO{ b'Mv glbP/ klg cfkm\gf] xs :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]r /fVb5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf qmddf cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu n8g] t/ c? ;d'bfonfO{ b'Mv glbg] ;f]r /fVg] kfq a]rgL afFt/n] cfGbf]ng x'gfsf sf/0f o;/L klxNofPsL 5g\ .

æ;fdflhs c;dfgtf, hftLo lje]b, /fHosf] d"n wf/ Pjd\ /fli6«o /fhgLltdf ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g g;Sg', :yflgo u|fdL0f tx;Dd /fHo / ;/sf/sf] ;an pkl:ylt x'g g;Sg', u|fdL0f hgtfsf cfjfh cf]em]ndf kg'{ cflb åGbsf sf/0f x'g\ .Æ -k[= ^^_

;fdflhs cGt{lj/f]w / /fhg}lts cj;/sf] sdL g} cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f ePsf] pgsf] ts{ 5 . cfGbf]ngnfO{ s] s;/L ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf pgsf] egfO{ o:tf] /x]sf] 5 .

æl;dfGts[tx? /fli6«o d"n wf/df ;dflxt x'g vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . /fi6«n] ltgnfO{ Goflos cj;/ pknAw u/fPdf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 . cGoyf 6fn6'nn] ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . ;a}nfO[{ cj;/sf] ;dfg cj;/ / Goflos ljt/0f cfjZos 5 .Æ

g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmddf ;Qf / zlQm lglZrt JolQm Pjd\ If]qdf l;ldt x'Fbf ljleGg If]qsf hgtfn] cfkm"nfO{ pk]lIft dxz'; u/] . cj;/ Pjd\ ;'ljwf lglZrt If]qsf dflg;n] dfq pkef]u ul//xFbf cGo If]qsf hgtfdf lg/fzf Pjd\ s'07f pTkGg eof] . ToxL lg/fzf Pjd\ s'07f plrt lgsf; gkfpFbf u'lD;P/ /x]sf] lyof] . @)^@÷)^# sf] cfGbf]ng kl5 ljleGg If]qsf hgtfn] cfkm\gf s'/fx? cleJoQm u/] . To;kl5 ag]sf ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf ;d:ofnfO{ plrt k|ltlglwTj ug{ g;s]sf] eg]/ t/fO{ cfGbf]ng k|f/De ePsf] kfOG5 .

pkGof;df Psflt/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ljZjb[li6 cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfGbf]ng Ot/ hgtfsf] ljZjb[li6 klg cfPsf] 5 . uf]N8dfgn] 3[0ff / qf;sf dfWodaf6 ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ /fv]sf 5g\ . t/fO{ cfGbf]ngn] dflg;x?df s] s:tf] qf; pTkGg u/]sf] lyof] eGg] s'/fsf] pbfx/0f d kfqsf] of] egfO{n] klg b]vfpF5 .

æcfGbf]ng / lj/f]w k|bz{gsf] af9L rn]sf] o; df};ddf s'g lbg s'g ;d"xsf] sfo{qmd 5 / slxn];Dd ;~rflnt x'G5 eGg] olsg x'g 5fl8;s]sf] 5 . ;"rgf / hfgsf/L lagf ;~rflnt x'g] cfGbf]ng ulg;fWo 5}gg\ . laxfg v'nf eP/ ;jf/L ;fwgdf uPsf] dflg; a]n'sf kms{Fbf aGb eP/ lxF8]/ cfpFbf va/ aGb}g .Æ -k[=@^_

t/fO{ eg]sf] xfd|f] dfq xf] eg]/ oxfF /x]sf u}/ dw];L ;d'bfosf dflg;nfO{ b'Mv lbg], ;tfpg] k/kL8s lqmofsnfk klg w]/} b]lvP . Tof] lqmofsnfkn] u}/ dw];L ;d'bfosf dflg;x?df eo / qf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf u¥of] . t/fO{ cfGbf]ngsf a]nf u}/ dw];L ;d'bfosf dflg;x? eosf sf/0f 3/ aflx/ lg:sg g;Sg] l:ylt lyof] . 3/ aflx/ lg:sg g;Sg] l:ylt lyof] . 3/ aflx/ lg:sFbf s] x'g] eGg] qf;n] ;tfpFYof] . dflg;x?df /x]sf] oxL qf; d kfqsf] cleJolQmn] klg bzf{pF5 . oxL qf;sf lardf klg t/fO{ cfkm\gf] e"ld ePsf]n] lsg 8/fpg] eGg] ;f]raf6 k|]l/t eP/ d kfqsf] egfO cfPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf ;dodf d kfqsf] dfgl;stfnfO{ o;/L JoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

æd klg o} wtL{sf] k'q x'F . d]/f] hGd klg o} df6f]df ePsf] xf] . oxLFsf] df6f] v]n]/ x's]{sf] x'F . olt rfF8} d]/f] df6f]n] e'N5 / Û d]/f] cl:dtf / kl/ro o} df6f];Fu ufFl;Psf] s'/fnfO{ s;/L e'Ng ;lsG5 . nu] nfG5g\ . sf6g] dfg]{ xf]Og xf]nf . tL klg dfG5] x'g\ .Æ -k[=$^_

pkGof;df cfGbf]ng/t dw];L ;d'bfosf s]xL dflg;? hflto 3[0ff km}nfP/ kmfObf lng]x? eGbf leGg ljrf/ /fVby] . cfGbf]ng / ;du| dw];nfO{ x]g]{ km/s ljrf/ ePsf dw];L d"nsf gful/s klg lyP . s] slt sf/0fn] t/fO{ dw]; pk]lIft eof] / ca ;dfwfgsf] af6f] s] x'g;S5 eGg] af/]df sNkgf ofbjn] /fv]sf] egfOn] t/fO{–dw];sf] d"n ;d:ofsf] h8 phfu/ ub{5 .

ædw]; cfGbf]ng klg Ps lsl;dsf] Gofosf] cefjdf hGd]sf] xf] . olb ;a}lt/ ;fdflhs Gofo pknAw /x]sf] eP s;}n] e8sfpFb}df e8lsFb}gy] . olb ;a}n] xs clwsf/ ;'lglZrt eP/ pkef]u ug{ kfP ljb|f]xsf] l:ylt cfpFy]g . Gofosf cefjdf lklN;/x]sf x?sf] cleJolQm lyof] .Æ -k[= $!_

o;/L /fHo Pjd\ ;/sf/n] dw]zk|lt cGofo u/]sf sf/0f dw]z cfGbf]ng pTkGg ePsf] / ca ;fdflhs Gofo lbg'kg]{ ljrf/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

ljut sfnb]lv ;Qfsf] t/ dfl//x]sf dflg;x? cfGbf]ngkl5 cfkm\gf] cl:tTj ;dfKt x'g] xf] sL eg]/ ql;t eP . pgLx? PsfPs cfkm" /x]sf] kf6L{, ;+u7g 5f]8]/ cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf cfP . pgLx?sf] cfjfh c? eGbf rsf]{ lyof] . dfgf}+, clxn];Dd c?n] t/fO{nfO{ n'6g] dfq sfd u/] . pgLx? ca cfP/ t/fO{ / t/fO{sf hgtf|nfO{ d'lQm k|bfg ug]{5g\ . o:tf 5]kf/] gLltsf g]tfx? k|ltsf] 3[0ff syfdf phfu/ ePsf] 5 . dw];sf] cfGbf]ng ;xL eP klg o;nfO{ unt tTjn] kl/rflnt u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ o; ;Djfbdf cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

æoL ;a cf–cfkm\gf :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu b'sfgbf/L rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . logn] dw];L hgtfsf] lxt ug]{ eP lxhf];Dd s] x]/]/ a;] < k6s–k6s kfn}kfnf] s'rL{df hfg] log} dWo]sf lyof] . lxhf];Dd 7Ls b]Vg] logLx?n] cfh cfsfz v;] h:tf] Ps}k6s dw];L hgtfsf] af/]df lrGtf ug]{ r]tgf stfaf6 kfP < aflx/ /fhgLlts gf/f lbP klg leqleq} logn] ;fDk|bflos ;befjsf lj?4df hgtf p/fln/x]sf 5g\ .

dfly pNn]lvt oL ljrf/x?n] cfGbf]ngdf 3';]sf hglj/f]wLx?sf] rl/qnfO{ k|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ . hgtfnfO{ lxhf]sf lbgdf b'Mv lbg]x?, ;Qfsf nflu xf/n'5 ug]{x? cGttM df}sfsf] kmfObf p7fpg cfGbf]ngdf 3';]/ g]t[Tj lng vf]h]sf] k|;ª\unfO{ pkGof;df cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

3'/ pkGof;df t/fO{ cfGbf]ng / o;;Fu ;DalGwt dflg;x?sf] ljZjb[li6 cfPsf] 5 . leGg–leGg ;fdflhs ju{, pgLx?sf] r]tgf / pgLx?sf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ b]vfpg] sfddf n]vs ;kmn 5g\ .

#= lgisif{

g]kfnsf] t/fO{ cfGbf]ng ljlzi6 vfn] cfGbf]ng xf] . cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu t/fO{sf hgtfx? p7]sf]df cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf dflg;x? / cfGbf]ngaf6 k|efljt dflg;x?sf] sf]0faf6 pkGof;df ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Ps sfnv08df dflg;x?sf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] ;ª\3if{ / cfGbf]ngsf qmddf b]lvPsf ljleGg ljrf/–lrGtgnfO{ pkGof;df b]vfOPsf] 5 . pu| hfltjfbaf6 d'Qm eP/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fdflhs Gofosf] sf]0faf6 x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f klg pkGof;df cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;k|lqmofdf km/s vfn] 36gf / k|j[ltnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ sfddf n]vs ;kmn 5g\ .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;"rL

bfxfn, v]dgfy= -@)%*_= æcfw'lgs g]kfnL pkGof;sf] ;dfhzf:qÆ -ck|=_=

ljBfjfl/wL zf]wk|aGw= lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/= sf7df08f} .

h}g, lgd{nf= -;g\ !((@_, ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qLo lrGtg= låtLo ;+= lbNnL M

lbNnL ljZjljBfno .

kf08]o, d}g]h/= -;g\ !(*(_, ;flxTos] ;dfhzf:q sL e"ldsf= rG8Lu9 M xl/of0ff ;flxTo csfbdL .

l;+x, aRrg= -;g\ @)!!_,;flxTosf ;dfhzf:q=Onfxfafb M nf]sef/tL k|sfzg .

If]qL, pbo= -@)^$_, æ;dfhzf:qLo b[li6|df OGb|axfb'/ /fO{sf cfVofgsf] cWoogÆ -ck|=_= ljBfjfl/wL zf]wk|aGw= lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ M sf7df08f} .

>]i7, wL/s'df/= -@)^$_= 3'/= ;femf k|sfzg= nlntk'/ .

Kffl/hftsf syfdf k'¿if kfqx¿

!= k[i7e"ld

kfl/hftsf] n]vg ljleGg ljwfdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . pgsf] n]vgdf ljleGg ljrf/, lrGtgsf] k|efj kfOG5 . uB n]vgsf If]qdf pgsf] n]vg syf, pkGof; / lgaGw tLg} ljwfdf ;zQm ¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] 5 . k|:t't n]vdf kfl/hftsf] syf n]vgnfO{ cWoogsf] ljifosf] ¿kdf lnO{Psf] 5 . kfl/hftsf] syfl;h{gfsf] cWoog ljleGg sf]0faf6 ug{ ;lsg] ePtf klg o; n]vdf kfl/hftsf] syfsf ljleGg kIf eGbf klg Ps kIf cyf{t k'¿if kfqsf] jl/kl/ s]Gb|Lt x'g' o; n]vsf] ;Ldf dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .

kfl/hftsf syfdf ljleGg bfz{lgs lrGtgsf] k|efj kfOG5 . pgsf syf / syfdf k|o'Qm kfqx¿n] cl:tTjjfb, lj;+ultjfb, of}gjfb, gf/Ljfb eP/ ;fdfhjfbL oyfy{jfbnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf] kfOG5 . -kf08]o, @)%$M *!_ . hLjgk|ltsf] cf:yf / oyfy{af]w pgsf kl5Nnf s[ltdf kfOG5 . o; n]vdf kfl/hftsf] k|ultjfbL lrGtgnfO{ d"n s]Gb|s dfg]/ cGo dfGotfnfO{ klg cWoogsf] ljifo agfP/ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ k|oTg ul/g] 5 . kfl/hftsf syfsf k'¿if kfqn] af]s]sf] hLjg–oyfy{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] lqmofJofkf/sf] cfwf/df ;s];Dd ;'Idtf ckgfP/ x]g]{ k|of; /xg] 5 .

@= kfl/hftsf syfdf k'¿if kfqx¿

Kffl/hftsf] syf ofqfsf] cf/De d}n] ghGdfPsf] 5f]/f] -@)@!_ af6 eof] . o; syfdf ljleGg lrGtg Ps};fy ldl;P/ cfPsf] kfOG5 . cl:tTjjfb, k|mfo8jfb -dgf]ljZn]if0f_ / gf/Ljfbsf] ;+o'Qm cfjfhsf ¿kdf of] syf cfpF5 . lj=;= @)@% ;fndf kfl/hftsf] klxnf] syf s[lt cflbd b]z k|sflzt x'G5 . cflbd b]z leqsf syfx¿ dWo] cflbd b]z, la;f}+ ztfAbLsf] Pp6f uNnLdf, l;d]06Lleq Pp6f /fha]nL, ;Fw} laTg'kg]{ xfdL, ltp/Lsf] km"n, kfol/ofsf] uGw, lgdf0f{sf] df]8]n ;doleq / cK7\of/f] / cEo:t dfG5] syfx¿sf] k'¿if kfqx¿sf] e"ldsf ;ZfQm ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . lj=;= @)@! b]lv @)@% ;Dd n]lvPsf syfx¿ o;df kfOG5g\ .

lj=;= @)@%–@)#@ sf] cjlwdf n]lvPsf syfx¿ ;8s / k|ltef -@)#@_ df kfOG5g\ . csyf eg]/ lrlgPsf o; ;ª\u|xsf kl5Nnf s]xL syfx¿df eg] k|ultzLn r]tgf cfPsf] kfOG5 . o; s[ltdf /x]sf ;8s / k|ltef, k|lts, gofF dfG5], lg:;f/tfb]lv, lj¿4, 8fo/Lsf] cf7f}+ kfgf, o; 7fpFdf , cGt{lj/f]w, /ft, 3fd tfKbf, b]jnm a'9f af, ;fyLsf] ;Demgf, ;F3f/g]/, l;6L xnsf] a'9f] HofdL;Fu / js{;kleq syfdf k'¿if kfqsf] s]Gb|Lo ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 .

lj=;= @)@( ;fnkl5 kfl/hftsf] n]vgdf k|ultjfbL lrGtgsf] k|efj b]vf kb{5 . lj=;= @)#@ kl5 pgsf] n]vgn] gofF hLjgb[li6 c+ufn]sf] kfOG5 . kfqsf] cfGtl/s dgf]nf]seGbf afXo kof{j/0fsf] ;j]{If0fdf oL syfsf kfqx¿ cl3 a9]sf] kfOG5 . kfl/hftsf] syfn]vgdf pTs[i6 /rgfx¿ o;} cjlwdf l;lh{t kfOG5g\ . lj=;= @)$# df k|sflzt ;fNuLsf] anfTs[t cfFz' syf ;ª\u|x kfl/hftsf] syf n]vgsf] pRrtd k|flKt xf] . o; s[ltdf /x]sf ;O;sf] lr7L, ;DaGw, slnnf] cltt, o;/L Pp6f gfpF sfl6G5 / k};fsf] /ª\u syfdf k'¿if kfqsf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L b]lvG5 .

lj=;= @)$# b]lv @)$( ;Ddsf syfx¿ jwzfnf hfFbf cfpFbf -@)$(_ df kfOG5g\ . o; s[ltdf /x]sf zf]w, gf6ssf] rf}yf] r/0f, jwzfnf hfFbf cfpFbf / Pp6f h'g kfgLleq df k'¿if kfq k|efjL 5g\ . ;fNuLsf] anfTs[t cfFz's} j}rfl/s kblrGx k5\ofPsf] o; s[ltsf s]xL syf eg] lzNk / ljrf/sf b[li6n] sdhf]/ 5g\ .

o;/L kfl/hftsf rf/j6f s[ltdf /x]sf $& syfx¿ dWo] #@ syfx¿ df k'¿if kfqsf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . cGo syfx¿df klg k'¿if kfqx¿ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf cfPsf 5g\ .

#= kfl/hftsf syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿sf] ljZn]if0f

Kffl/hftsf] n]vgsf ljleGg cfofd kfOG5g\ . pgsf] syf n]vg Ps} lsl;dn] cl3 a9]sf] kfOFb}g . Pp6f vfn] wf/sf] lgdf{0f x'G5, clg To;df qmde+u x'G5 / gofF wf/sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . gofF vfn] wf/df klg s]xL kl/jt{gsf ;+s]t b]vf kb{5g\ . cl:TjjfbL–lj;+ultjfbL lrGtgaf6 ;dfhjfbL oyfy{jfbL lrGtgtkm{sf] ofqf qmdzM cuf8L a9]sf] kfOG5 . kl5Nnf sfnsf s]xL syfdf eg] cfn]frgfTds oyfy{jfb cfPsf] kfOG5 . kfl/hftsf] syfdf cfPsf k'¿if kfqx¿ ltg} leGg–leGg bz{gsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{g\ . kfl/hftsf syf kfqn] af]Sg] j}rfl/s w/ftndf 6]s]/ ltgsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDg juL{s/0f u/]/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ pk{o"Qm b]lvG5 .

-s_ cl:tTjjfbL–lj;+ultjfbL bz{gnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ k'¿if kfqx¿

kfl/hftsf] cflbd b]z -@)@%_ / ;8s / k|ltef -@)#@_ sf syfx¿df cl:tTjjfbL–lj;+ultjfbL r]tgf k|an b]lvG5 . ;8s / k|ltef sf kl5Nnf s]xL syfdf cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbL lrGtgsf ;fy} k|ultjfbtkm{sf] ;ª\qmd0f kfOG5 .

cflbd b]z syfdf cl:tTjjfbL–lj;ª\ultjfbL r]tgf kfOG5 . o; syfdf d kfq cfkm}nfO{ gª\Uofpg rfxG5 . dfgjLo d"No, g}lts k|lti7f / dfgl;s lgi7fsf kvf{nx¿ eTs]/ ;dtn ePsf] 7fGb5 . Oltxf;sf k/Dk/fk|lt cl:js[tL hfx]/ ub{5 . a'4, ;Ltf / ltgsf syfsf] lt/:sf/ ub{5 . hGd / d[To'nfO{ cg'e"ltxLg cg'e"lt dfg]/ ;+3if{ / ;Def]usf] tLtf] cg'e"ltdf lklN;OPsf] dfGb5 . cfkm" dfq x}g, c¿ ;a / b]znfO{ klg cflbdkgdf afFlr/x]sf 7fG5 . - kfl/hft M @)%$M #–$_ . ;Fw} laTg'kg]{ xfdL sf] kfq cfkm}nfO{ ;xfg'e"ltsf] kfq 7fGb5 . Pp6L caf]w s]6Lsf] of}jg n'65 / hLjgnfO{ cd"t{ 7fGb5 . ltp/Lsf] km"n kfol/ofsf] uGw df Pp6f cfkm"nfO{ ;Eo, k9]n]v]sf] 7fGg] d kfq kl5 Pp6L nf6Lsf] anfTsf/ u5{ . z'¿df 3[0ff u/]klg kl5 p;sf] lr/x/0f u5{ . z'¿df kfol/ofsf] uGw cfPsf] 7fGg] kl5 p;nfO{ ltp/Lsf] km"n 7fGg k'U5 . pm hLjgnfO{ lg:;f/ b]V5 / kl5 nf6LnfO{ kfPkl5 ;fy{s 7fG5 . lgdf{0fsf] df]8]n ;doleq sf] d kfq hLjgnfO{ lg:;f/ b]V5 . cfkm\gf] sfdnfO{ af]em 7fG5 / hlt;'s} lgdf{0f ePklg Psrf]6L df6f]df k'l/g'kg]{ ;f]r cleJoQm u5{ . cK7of/f] / cEo:t dfG5] sf] d kfq s]6Lk|lt cfzQm 5 . p;nfO{ n's]/ x]g]{ u5{ . hLjgnfO{ lg/y{s, 7fGb5 . cfkm"nfO{ k'ªdfª 7fGg] pm cfkm"nfO{ v'd|] sL/f ;/x 7fGb5 . cfkm"nfO{ e':ofxf s's'/eGbf tNnf] :t/df /fVb5 .

cflbd b]z syf ;ª\u|xsf k'¿if kfqx¿ Psflt/ cfk\mgf] hLjgnfO{ cl:tTjxLg b]Vg k'U5g eg] csf]{lt/ hLjgk|ltsf] cljZjf; / cgf:yf JoQm ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ hLjgk|ltsf] s'g} ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVb}gg\ . afFRg'sf] gfddf afFlr/xG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] hLjg lagf s'g} nIo, lagf s'g} uGtJo laltlbG5 . lgT;]sf] ljklQk"j{s afFr sf] l;4fGtnfO{ pgLx¿ k5\ofO/x]sf kfOG5g\ .

o;/L g} ;8s / k|ltef syf ;ª\u|xsf k'¿if kfqx¿ klg cl:tTjjfbL–lj;ª\ultjfbL r]tgf kfOG5 . ;8s / k|ltef syfsf] d kfq hLjgk|lt lj;+ut ;f]rfO /fVb5\ . pm cfkm"nfO{ k|j[ltxLg, ;+:sf/xLg / ;dfhxLg / b]zxLg dfG5] 7fG5 . cfkm\gf] ;fyLnfO{ c;L kfp08sf] Pp6f ldlgPr/ dfG5] 7fG5 . - P]hg, k[= ^$_ . cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhn] s]xL glbPsf] / cfkm"n] Pe/]h d[To' dl/;s]sf] 3f]if0ff ub{5 . k|lts syfsf] d kfq 3fdnfO{ g} ljz]iftfxLg, /+uxLg 7fGb5 . dlxnfnfO{ Gofp/L d';fh:tL 7fGb5 . dfG5]nfO{ lrt'jf a9L dfG5] sd 7fG5 . hLjgk|ltsf] s'g} cfzfjfbL :j/ p;df kfOFb}g . /ft syfsf] d kfq 8]/fk|lt 3[0ff ub{5 . pm ufFhf vfg], tf; v]Ng] sfd ub{5 . dfG5]nfO{ hgfj/ 7fGb5 . cfkm"nfO{ d/GRof;], af]sf 7fGg] pm hLjgk|ltsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVb}g .

o;/L csyfTds z}nLdf n]lvPsf ;8s / k|ltef leqsf k'¿if kfq lg/fzf, s'07f / xtfz dgl:ylt lnP/ afFr]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] hLjgsf] s'g} ;fy{stf 5}g . pgLx¿ hLjgnfO{ pkfoxLg afFR5g / lg:;f/tfk"j{s afFlr/xG5g\ . o; r/0fsf syfx¿ kfl/hftsf /fNkfmsfnsf /rgfx¿ x'g\ .

dflg; :jod\ cfkm\gf] lg0f{ostf{ / lgdf0f{stf{ xf] / s'g} klg lg0f{osf nflu pm :jtGq 5 eGg] r]tgf cl:tTjjfbsf] d"n dd{sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . -kf08]o, k"j{jt *#_ . kfl/hftsf sltko syfdf oxL bz{gsf] k|efj kfOG5 . kfl/hftsf s]xL syfdf lj;ª\ultjfbL lrGtg klg 68sf/f] ¿kdf b]\vf k/]sf 5g\ . pgsf sltko kfqx¿sf] l:ylt x]bf{ s] b]lvG5 eg] cfkm|gf :j]R5fn] afFr]sf] hLjgeGbf klg pgLx¿ lj;ª\ultr]tnfO{ cleJol~ht ul/lbg k|fof]lht hLjg afFr]sf 5g\ . o;sf/0f pgLx¿sf] hLlhljiffsf] cefj 5, ljb|f]x hGdg kfPsf] 5}g . -P]hg, *^ _ .

-v_ k/kL8s, lx+;s, gf/LnfO{ zf]if0f ug]{ k'¿if kfqx¿

Kffl/hftsf cl3Nnf] r/0fsf syfdf k'¿if kfqsf] 3f]/ ktg b]vfOPsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ k/kL8s, lx+;s clg gf/L hfltnfO{ zf]if0f ug]{ kfqsf ¿kdf pEofOPsf] kfOG5 . la;f}+ ztfAbLsf] Pp6f uNnLdf cl:tTj / cgl:tTj ;dfg 5g\ eGg] lrGtg k|:t't ug]{ syf xf] . o; syfdf /x]sf] k;n] Psflt/ cg}lts sfo{ u5{ eg] csf]{lt/ sfnf]ahf/L klg u5{ . d}n] ghGdfPsf] 5f]/f] sf] 5f]/f] kfq Psflt/ cfdf pd]/sL dlxnf;Fu lhl:sG5 eg] csf]{lt/ em\ofndf a:g] cfdf pd]/sL dlxnfsf af/]df cZnLn l6Kk0fL ub{5 . ;fOgf]–Uo|fOg]6sf] 6'qmf;Fu df d kfqsf] nf]Ug]n] >LdtLsf] k};f y't]/ df]h ug]{ / kl5 aflx/ csf]{ >LdtL /fv]/ a:5 . klxn]sL >LdtLn] hlt ;]jf u/]klg p;nfO{ s'6g], lk6g] sfd ub{5 . 5f]/f ;a} ;Dklt l/TofP/ db{5 . o;/L c¿nfO{ kL8f lbg] kfqsf ¿kdf oL kfqx¿ cfPsf kfOG5g\ . ;Fw} laTg'kg]{ xfdL sf] k'¿if kfq Pp6L caf]w lszf]/LnfO{ k|]dsf] gfddf km;fP/ of}g zf]if0f ub{5 . lj¿4 syfsf] d kfq Psflt/ >LdtLk|lt nDk6 x'G5 . p;af6 of}gt[lKt klg lnG5 eg] csf]{lt/ pm k|lt 3f]/ 3[0ff Pjd\ cljZjf; klg k|s6 ub{5 . cGt{lj/f]w syfsf] d kfq dlxnf k|lt tLj| 3[0ff JoQm ub{5 . ;+;f/df s'g} klg dlxnf dfG5] gafFrf]; eGg] sfdgf ub{5 . k|frLg sfnsf u'kmf, sGb/f / lelq lrqdf ePsf gUgtfaf6 dflg; gfª\luPsf] cg'ej u5{ . of}gk|lt tLj| ljt[i0ff JoQm ub{5 . o; syfsf kfqdf tLj| of}gs'07f kfOG5 . To:t} o; 7fpFdf syf t emg of}gs'07fsf] r/d cleJolQm xf] . o; syfdf Pp6f s]6f b]vfP/ æ:j/ ev{/ km"6g nfu]sf] a]nf s]6LnfO{ k|]dkq n]Vg]Æ - kfl/hft, k"j{jt\, k[= *%_ elgPsf] 5 . æzx/ / o;sf sL/fx¿Æ eg]/ dflg;nfO{ sL/f;Fu t'ngf ul/Psf] 5 . k|s[ltnfO{ klg afOkmfn] b]Vg', ;'gufefsf km"nleq klg :jf:gLdfG5] / of]gL b]Vg' r/d ljs[ltsf cleJolQm x'g\ . cem r/d cg}ltstfsf] cleJolQm t æk|]d h'g;'s} :jf:gLdfG5;Fu ug{ ;lsg] / cfkm" lbgdf cfdf;Fu / /ftdf 5f]/L;Fu k|]d ug]{Æ syfjfrsssf] cleJolQmaf6 b]vf k/]sf] 5 . b]jn syfdf t emg lj;ª\ultsf] kf/sfi6f g} b]vfOPsf] 5 . pm gf/L kfq ljwjf 5] . b]jndf jf; a:g] p;nfO{ k};fdf z/L/ a]Rg ljjz b]vfOPsf] 5 . p;nfO{ gfOs]n] lagf k};f ;Def]u ug]{ u/]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . To:t} ;dfhsf k|ltli7t elgg] kfqx¿ p;nfO{ ef]u ub{5g\ . cem p;sf] 5f]/fnfO{ b]vfP/ æca cfdfnfO{ ;Def]u ug]{ b':;fx;b]lv pm cfwf OGr hlt klg k/ 5}g .Æ -P]hg, k[= !)$_ eg]/ emg ljb|'ktf / lj;+ultsf] r/d ¿k b]vfOPsf] 5 . c¿ dfq x}g, k'¿if 5f]/f g} eP klg dlxnfk|lt k/kL8s / sfd's x'G5 eg]/ k'¿if kfqk|lt tLj| cljZjf; / 3[0ff k|s6 ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

kfl/hftsf kl5Nnf syf s[ltdf /x]sf k'¿if kfqx¿ klg gf/Lk|lt lx+;|s b]vfOPsf] 5 . g}sfk] ;ls{gL df /x]sf] ;ls{gLsf] nf]Ug] cfkm" ckfª\u, ckflxh eP/ klg, >LdtLsf] sdfOdf afFr]/ pN6} p;}nfO{ ufnL ug]{, xKsfpg] u5{ . levf/Ln] ;d]t p;nfO{ anfTsf/ ug{ vf]H5 . k|lts'ntf df dl;gL 3tL{ gfds gf/L kfqnfO{ p;}sf] bfh'n] ue{jtL agfpF5 . ld6\7' sfsL{ gfds kfqnfO{ ;x/ cfpFbf /ftL Ps k;nsf] 5]pdf ;'t]sf]df lagf sf/0f 3/dflnsn] y'gfPsf] / k|x/Ln] b'Mv lbPsf] 36gf j0f{g 5 . To:t} h]ndf s}bLn] kfpg] /f;gdf klg gfkmf vfg], b'Mv lbg] sfo{ ePsf] kfOG5 . ;fNuLsf] anfTs[t cfFz' df ufpFs} NjfFu] 3tL{sf] k|k~rdf k/]/ ljb]zdf a]lrg k'u]sL dlxnf ;fNuLnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . ljsNkxLg syfdf hjfg >LdtL / aRrfx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ csf]{ ljjfx ug]{ k'¿if kfq b]vfOPsf] 5 . csf]{ ljjfx u/]kl5 klxn]sL >LdtL / aRrfx¿ nfO{ 3/af6 lgsfNg] w[i6tf ;d]t u/]sf] kfOG5 . zs'Gtnfsf] lrGtg clkm;sf] rf}lsbf/ Gof}kfg] dfq xf]Og, p;sL >LdtLnfO{ klg xKsLbKsL / sfddf nufpg] xflsdL k|j[lt b]vfOPsf] 5 .

o;/L kfl/hftsf syfx¿df Psflt/ gf/LnfO{ ef]Uof 7fg]/ of}g zf]if0f ug]{ k'¿if k|j[ltsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ b'Mv lbg], a]rlavg ug]{, ;tfpg], lax] u/]/ 5f]l8lbg], dlxnfsf] ;Dkltdf df]h u/]/ kl5 p;}nfO{ /S;L vfP/ lk6g], ufnL ug]{ vfn] s'k|j[lt kfl/hftsf syfx¿df /x]sf k'¿if kfqdf kfOG5 . k'¿if kfqsf] 3[l0ft / cdof{lbt lrGtg / Jojxf/sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{ kfl/hftn] u/]sL 5g\ . kl5Nnf r/0fsf k'¿if kfqsf t'ngfdf cl3Nnf] r/0fsf k'¿if kfqx¿ kltt / sfd's k|j[ltsf kfOG5g\ .

-u_ ;dfh Joj:yfaf6 kLl8t k'¿if kfqx¿

;8s / k|ltef sf kl5Nnf syfx¿, ;fNuLsf] anfTs[t cfFz' / jwzfnf hfFbf cfpFbf sf syfx¿df k'¿if kfqnfO{ ;dfh Joj:yfaf6 kLl8t b]vfOPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] r/0fsf k'¿if kfqnfO{ k/kL8s / 3[l0ft ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf]df kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ltgnfO{ juL{o ¿kdf x]g]{ sfd ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfh Joj:yf / To;n] pTkGg u/]sf v/faLaf6 s'g} klg dflg; ar]/ /xg ;Sb}g . dflg;sf] ;DaGw ;dfh;Fu / /fi6«;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . ;dfh / /fi6«df 36g] 36gfx¿sf] k|efj JolQmsf] hLjgdf kb{5 . o;y{df, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts kl/j]zsf] ef]Qmsf] ¿kdf dflg; /x]sf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f oL syfx¿df p7fOPsf] kfOG5 .

;fyLsf] ;Demgf syfdf b]zsf] ;]jf u5'{ eg]/ k|x/L ;]jfdf uPsf] ;fyL xflsdsf] ;]jf ug{df afWo x'g'k/]sf] 36gf b]vfOPsf] 5 . l;6L xnsf] a'9f] HofdL syfdf l;6Lxn agfpg] Pshgf dhb'/ kfq / p;sf] kl/>dsf] syf atfOPsf] 5 . p;sf] kl/>dn] 7"nf–7"nf dxnx¿ v8f ePsf] / p;n] s]xL gkfpg] lttf] oyfy{ j0f{g 5 . js{;kleq syfdf js{;kdf dl/dl/ dhb'/n] sfd ug]{ / dflns eg] df]6fpg] u/]sf] k|;ª\u pNn]v 5 . dhb'/ leqsf] c;Gtf]if / s'07fnfO{ cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

Zff]w syfdf cfly{s, ;fdflhs sf/0fn] b'/fj:yf e]fUg k'u]sf rf/ hgf s[i0faxfb'/ gfds kfqx¿sf] j0f{g 5 . gf6ssf] rf}yf] r/0f df >LdtL ladf/L eP/ pkrf/ ug{ sf7df8f}+ Nofpg] g}gaxfb'/n] ef]u]sf] ;f:tLnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . jwzfnf hfFbf cfpFbf df c¿n] zf]if0f u/]sf] b]Vg] sd{rf/L kfq cfkm"n] eg] lg/y{s hLjg afFr]sf] 7DofOdf k'u]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L Pp6f gfpF sfl6G5 df Pp6f u/La dhb'/sf] qf;b d[To' b]vfOPsf] 5 .

Kffl/hftsf syfdf /x]sf k'¿if kfqx¿df leGg–leGg sfndf leGg–leGg lrGtg / Jojxf/ kfOG5 . cl3Nnf] sfnsf cfTds]Gb|Lt, k/kL8s, s'l07t kfqsf t'ngfdf kl5Nnf sfnsf ;fdflhs kof{j/0f;Fu 3'nldn u/]/ hLjg ;+3if{sf cg]s cj:yf;Fu kl/lrt kfqx¿ ;zQm / k|efjsf/L b]lvG5g\ .

-3_ hLjgd'vL ;f]r ePsf k'¿if kfqx¿

Kffl/hftsf syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿ lg/fzf, s'07f JoQm ug]{ dfq x}g sL hLjgk|ltsf] ;fy{s ;f]r /fVg] lsl;dsf klg 5g\ . ;O;sf] lr7L sf] ;O; cfkm\gL kTgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ kq n]V5 . pQm kqdf hLjgsf] oyfy{ lrq0f ug'{sf] ;fy} juL{o c;dfgtf klg lrq0f ub{5 . ;fdflhs oyfy{sf] ;fy} cfnf]rgfTds :j/ klg o;df kfOG5 . ;DaGw syfdf ljBfyL{, dhb'/sf] cfk;L ;DaGwsf ;fy} tTsfnLg ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] af/]df atfOPsf] 5 . u/La dhb'/k|lt ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;+j]bgf / ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngk|lt dhb'/sf] ;xfg'e"ltn] juL{o k|]d phfu/ ePsf] kfOG5 . To:t} ;+3if{af6 ;kmntf k|fKt x'G5 eGg] sd{jfbL lrGtg klg o; syfdf cfPsf] 5 . slnnf] cltt ufpFn]x¿n] ckx]ngf ;xg g;sL ;x/ k;]sf] Ps hf]8f o'jf o'jtLsf] syf xf] . ufpFdf b'Jo{jxf/ ePkl5 ;x/ k;]sf hf]8f ;x/df klg ljleGg vfn] ;d:ofx¿ ;Fu h'em\g k'U5g t/ klg pgLx¿df hLjgk|ltsf] ljZjf;df sdL cfPsf] kfOFb}g . k};fsf] /ª sf] kqsf/ kfq lj;ª\ult b]V5, ef]U5 clg To; lj¿4 cfkm"nfO{ pleg g;s]sf]df lxgtfaf]w klg ub{5 . o;/L kfl/hftsf syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿ hLjgk|ltsf] :j:y, cfzfjfbL ;f]r /fVg] u/]sf kfOG5g\ .

$–t'ngfTds b[li6n] kfl/hftsf syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿

Kffl/hftsf klxnf] r/0fsf syfx¿df cl:tTjjfbL–lj;ª\ultjfbL r]tgf k|an ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . /fNkmfsfnLg r]tgfsf] k|efj klg To;}df ldl;Psf] 5 . kfl/hftsf] oxL dfGotfnfO{ pgsf cflbd b]z -@)@%_ / ;8s / k|ltef -@)#@_ df /x]sf k|yd r/0fsf syfdf /x]sf k'¿if kfqx¿n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf 5g\ .

o; r/0fsf syfx¿df hLjgnfO{ lg:;f/, z"Go / k/hLjL 7fGg] k'¿if kfqx¿ kfOG5g\ . pgLx¿ of}ghLjL, sfd's / k/kL8s k|j[ltsf 5g\ .

kfl/hftsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf syfx¿df ;fNuLsf] anfTs[t cfFz' -@)$#_ / jwzfnf hfFbf cfpFbf -@)$(_ df /x]sf syfx¿ kb{5g\ .

dfS;{jfbL lrGtgdf cfa4 eP/ ;/n z}nLdf dfgjLo hLjgbz{gnfO{ k|:t't ug'{ pgsf] o; r/0fsf syfx¿sf] k|d'v k|j[lt xf] . - l3ld/] / 1jfnL, @)^$ M !*$_ .

pgsf] syf n]vg hglj/f]wL lrGtgaf6 cyf{t cl:tTjjfbL–lj;ª\ultjfbL r]taf6 k|f/De ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] kl5Nnf] cj:yfdf dfS;{jfbL r]tgfnfO{ ;dft]/ ;fdflhs oyfy{, k|ultjfbL hLjgb[li6df ;fwgf/t b]lvG5 . pgsf syfdf sljtf / lgaGwsf] k|efj 5 . -zdf{, @)^@ M @^_

k|:t't n]vdf ul/Psf] cWoogaf6 s] s'/f b]lvg cfpF5 sL kfl/hftsf cl3Nnf] r/0fsf syfsf k'¿if kfq lg:;f/, z"Go / cl:tTjxLg hLjg afFR5g\ . pgLx¿ 5f8f of}ghLjL eP/ ;fdflhs d"Nosf b[li6n] cfklQhgs Jojxf/ u5{g\ . gf/LnfO{ ef]Uof 7fg]/ of}g zf]if0f ug]{ / r/d oftgf lbg], of}g;'v n'6g] km]/L klg dlxnfnfO{ 3[0ff ug]{ cgf}7f] Jojxf/ u5{g\ . pgLx¿df hLjgk|lt s'g} cfzf, pT;fx 5}g . hLjgsf] nIo 5}g . lagf p22]Zo lg/y{s arfFO{ pgLx¿sf] hLjgsf] clei6 xf] .

kl5Nnf r/0fsf syfx¿df /x]sf k'¿if kfqx¿ hLjgk|lt cfzfjfbL ;f]r /fV5g\ . pgLx¿ ;dfhdf /x]sf] cGofo, cTofrf/ lj¿4 cfjfh p7fpF5g\ . ;fdflhs cGt{lqmofsf] dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf ultljlw cuf8L a9fpF5g\ . JolQmut cfTdk/s cfnfk ljnfk k|s6 ug]{eGbf klg ;fd'lxs lrGtg / hLjgk|ltsf] ;sf/fTds hLjgaf]wL :j/ k|:t't ub{5g\ . dfS;{jfbL hLjgaf]wsf cfwf/df hLjg / hutnfO{ x]g]{ / ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{ ub{5g\ .

cl3Nnf] r/0fsf k'¿if kfqx¿ hLjgnfO{ ljiffQm b]Vg k'U5g, lj;ª\ut hLjg afFR5g\ eg] kl5Nnf] r/0fsf syfx¿df /x]sf k'¿if kfqx¿ hLjgnfO{ ;+ultk"0f{ 7fGb} ;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf] lgldQ sl6a4 ePsf kfOG5g\ . kfl/hftsf kl5Nnf s]xL syfdf s]xL sdhf]/L ePklg pgsf] kl5Nnf] syf n]vg k|ultjfbL n]vgsf] r/0f xf] . kfl/hftsf] syf n]vgdf /x]sf] ljrf/ lrGtgsf] k|efjsf] k|ltlglwTj pgsf syfsf kfqx¿n] af]Sg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . kfl/hftsf] syf n]vgsf] qmddf b]vf k/]sf] j}rfl/s k|ystf pgsf] ;f}Gbo{ r]tgfdf cfwfl/t eP klg eflifs b[li6n] eg] k|ys gx'g ;S5 . efiffnfO{ dfq x]g]{n] j}rfl/s wf/nfO{ ga'em\g ;S5g\ . kfl/hftsf] syfdf snfTds b[li6n] st}st} ;d¿ktf ePklg j}rfl/s ¿kn] eg] :ki6tM leGgtf b[li6uf]r/ x'G5 .

%–lgisif{

Kffl/hftsf syfdf /x]sf k'¿if kfqx¿sf] cWoogaf6 lg:s]sf lgisif{x¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .

-s_ kfl/hftsf syf ;ª\u|xdf /x]sf $& syfx¿ dWo] #@ syfx¿ ljz]iftM k'¿ifs]Gb|L syfsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

-v_ kfl/hftsf] JolQmhLjgdf ePsf] qmlds j}rfl/s kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] cfwf/df pgsf] k'¿if kfqsf] rog / k|:t'lt ePsf] kfOG5 .

-u_ kfl/hftsf] cl3Nnf] r/0fsf syfdf j}olQms cfTdk/s efj'stf / s'07fsf k|wfgtf kfOG5 / clwsf+z kfqx¿ d af6 z'¿ ul/Psf 5g\ .

-3_ kfl/hftsf] syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿df cl:tTjjfbL–lj;+ultjfbL, of}gjfbL r]tgf @)@! b]lv @)#@ ;Dd cleJoQm ePsf] kfOG5 eg] @)#@ b]lv @)$( ;Ddsf] cjlwdf k|ultjfbL r]tgf cg'¿k k'¿if kfqx¿sf] rog / k|:t'lt ePsf] 5 .

-ª_ cl3Nnf] r/0fsf syfdf r/d of}gsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . k'¿if kfqx¿ of}g nDk6, anfTsf/L, wf]s]afh rl/qsf] ¿kdf kfOG5g\ eg] kl5Nnf] r/0fsf syfsf k'¿ifdf kgl ljjfx u/]/ 5f]8g], dlxnfsf] k};fdf df]h ug]{, r]nLa]6L a]rlavg ug]{ k|j[lt kfOG5 .

-r_ kfl/hftsf cl:tTjjfbL–lj;ª\ultjfbL k'¿if kfqx¿ lg:;f/, csd{0o, oyfy{ljd'v, hLjgljd'v / d[To'k'hs ;Dd kfOG5g\ . o;} sfnsf kl5Nnf syfdf eg] km/s vfn] wf/sf] ljsf; k|f/De ePsf] kfOG5 . kfqx¿ cfzfjfbL rl/q lgdf{0f x'Fb} uPsf] kfOG5 . k|ultjfbL syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿ ju{;r]t, hLjgd'vL / lqmofzLn /x]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf s]xL syf eg] ljrf/sf b[li6n] sdhf]/ klg kfOG5g\ .

-5_ kfl/hftsf] cl3Nnf] r/0fsf syfsf k'¿if kfqx¿sf t'ngfdf kl5Nnf r/0fsf k'¿if kfqx¿ rfl/lqs >]i7tf / pRrtf sfod ug'{sf] ;fy} gofF o'usf] lgdf{0f ug{ k'u]sf 5g\ .

-h_ sltko k'¿if kfqx¿n] k"FhLjfbL ;dfhsf ljs[ltnfO{ k5ofpg] sfd /fd|/L u/]sf] kfOG5 .

-em_ kfl/hftsf syfdf k'¿if kfqsf] e"ldsf gf/L kfqsf] t'ngfdf sd ePklg k'¿if kfqx¿ n] klg kfl/hftsf] j}rfl/s kl/jt{gnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s cfTd;ft u/]sf] kfOG5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;'rL

l3ld/], s[i0fk|;fb / /fdk|;fb 1jfnL= cfVofgsf/ kfl/hft= -klxnf] ;+:s/0f_, sf7df8f}+ M xh'/sf] k':ts e08f/= @)%* .

kf08]o, tf/fsfGt= snf ;flxTo M e"ldsf / d"Nofª\sg= sf7df8f}+ M lrGtg k|sfzg k|f=ln= @)%$ .

kfl/hftsf ;ª\slnt /rgfx¿ -u|Gy #_, l;lSsd M lgdf{0f k|sfzg, @)%$ .

e§, k'is//fh=kfl/hftsf] cWoog k/Dk/f= ck|sflzt :gfQsf]Q/ zf]wkq= g]kfnL s]Gb|Lo ljefu= lq=lj=lj= sLlt{k'/= @)^& .

zdf{, ;'s'd= kfl/hftsf sljtfsf] cWoog= sf7df8f}+M ;gnfO6 klAns];g=s @)^@ .

gf/L ;d:ofsf sf]0faf6 ls;fgsf sljtfsf] cWoog

!= k[i7e"ld

s]jnk'/] ls;fg -!(*#–@)^(_ g]kfnL k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf w/f]x/ k|ltef x'g\ . g]kfnL hg hLjgsf cg]sg syf–Joyf pgsf /rgfdf cleJoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . ljz]ift M u|fdL0f ;dfhdf a:g] ls;fg, dhb'/, dlxnfsf hLjgsf ;ª\3if{do hLjg ufyfnfO{ ls;fgn] cfkm\gf] n]vgLsf] ljifo agfPsf] kfOG5 . cfkm\g} ;ª\3if{do hLjgn] ubf{ pgnfO{ lgDg juL{o hLjgk|lt ;+j]bgzLn agfPsf] kfOG5 . lsgf/fdf kfl/Psf hgtfsf] cfjfhnfO{ cfkm\gf] n]vgLsf] ljifo agfpg] ls;fg pgLx?sf] ;d:of dfq p7fpFb}gg\, ltgsf] sf/0f klxNofpFb} ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klg b]vfpF5g\ .

b]jsf]6fsf nf]slk|o nf]snodf /lrt sljtf k9]/ cToGt k|efljt eO{ sljtf l;h{gflt/ cf]ln{Psf slj ls;fg d"ntM nf]sno tyf nf]s5Gbsf slj x'g\ - n'O6]n, @)^* M %)_ . nf]s hLjgsf ;d:ofnfO{ p7fg ug]{ ls;fg cfkm\gf /rgf ;+:s[tsf dflqs, j0f{dflqs 5Gbb]lv c;f/], em\ofp/], ;jfO{ tyf ;]nf] h:tf nf]s 5GbnfO{ n]vgLsf] dfWod agfpF5g\ . ls;fgsf sljtf cfd hgtfn] klg ;xh} a'em5g\ . pgsf /rgf af]w ug{ zAbsf]z kN6fP/ cy{ vf]Hg'kg]{ cfjZostf kb}{g\ . pgsf /rgf ;j{;fwf/0f kf7ssf nflu af]Wo ePsf]]n] ltgn] ;Dk|]if0f ug{] ljrf/ Jofks hgtf dfem k'Ug ;xh x'g ;s]sf] xf] . slj ls;fgsf sljtfdf dlxnf ;DaGwL lrGtg ;3g ?kdf kfOG5 . g]kfnL gf/L hLjg pgsf] n]vgsf] k|d'v ?rL If]qsf ?kdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .

o; n]vdf slj s]jk'/] ls;fgsf sljtfdf kfOg] gf/L lrGtgsf] af/]df ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; /xg] 5 . pgsf /rgfdf gf/LnfO{ s] s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ljifodf cWoog ug'{ g} o; n]vsf] ;Ldfsf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

@= slj ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/L

slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/L hLjgsf ljljw kIf cfPsf 5g\ . kfl/jf/Ls hLjgsf qmddf cfOk/]sf 36gf kl/36gf nfO{ ljifo agfP/ pgn] sljtf Pjd\ sfJo /r]sf] kfOG5 . cfF;'sf] kf]v/L kfl/jf/Ls hLjgdf cfO{k/]sf] b'Mvb 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . cfkm\gL kTgLsf] lgwg kl5 pgsf] hLjg / hLjg ;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ sljsf cfkm\gf efjgfTds cg'e"lt cfPsf 5g\ . sljn] cfkm\gf sljtfdf 5f]/Lsf] k|;ª\u klg k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . kl/jf/df /x]sf gf/Lx? k|lt pgdf ulx/f] k|]d, ljZjf; Pjd\ ;befj /x]sf] s'/f o;af6 ;xh} a'emg ;lsG5 . s'g} klg ;|i6fsf] n]vgL cfkm\gf] j}olQms hLjgsf] cfTdk|sfzg klg xf] . dflg;, p;sf] ef]ufO / p;sf] lrGtgaf6 p;sf] ljrf/sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . p;sf] ToxL ljrf/ ljleGg lsl;dn] ;dfhdf k|:t't x'G5 . slj ls;fgsf] gf/L lrGtg ;DaGwL ljrf/ pgsf n]vgLdf cfPsf] 5 . slj s]jnk'/ ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/LnfO{ lbOPsf] e"ldsf Pjd\ lrGtgnfO{ juL{o ;d:ofsf] / n}lËs ;d:ofsf] sf]0faf6 x]g'{ pk{o"Qm x'G5 .

@=! ls;fgsf sljtfdf n}lËs ;d:of

slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/Lx?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf n}lËs ;d:ofx? nfO{ p7fOPsf] 5 . ufpFn] gf/Lx?, lxpFb nfUof], ufpFn] gf/Lx?, ljw'jf ljnfk, ;fGgfgLsf] lj/x, dfOt a;]sL r]nL, tflnd]sf] 8fFsf], nf}g sfG5f /fFsf] emf];\ cflb sljtfdf gf/Lx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf n}lËs ;d:of cfPsf 5g\ . ;fdGtL ;dfhdf afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, kfl/jf/Ls pTkL8g, r]nLa]6L a]rlavgsf ;d:of, ;fdflhs unt Jojxf/ cflbsf sf/0faf6 g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] kLl8t x'g' k/]sf] 5 . Psflt/ pgLx?sf] hLjgdfly v]njf8 ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ pgLx? dfly ljleGg lsl;dsf nfG5gf nufpg] sfd ul/Psf] x'G5 . k'?ifn] h] ubf{ klg x'g] / dlxnfn] s'g} klg sfd ;fdflhs, kfl/jf/Ls, wfld{s cg'zf;gsf 3]/f leq /xg' kg]{ lg/+s'ztfsf sf/0f pgLx?sf] hLjg kL8fbfos aGg k'Ub5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf gf/LnfO{ kl/jf/af6} bf];|f] bhf{sf] Jojxf/ ug{ yflnG5 . hGdb]lv g} pgLx? dfly >dsf] ef/L af]sfOG5 . dfOtdf a:bf klg sfdsf] af]em af]s]/ afFRg' k/]sf] x'G5 eg] ljjfx u/]/ uPkl5 klg ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf] ;]jf, rfs/L ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . dlxnfx? dfly k'?if ju{n] ug]{ pTkL8g t 5Fb}5, To;}df kl/jf/ leqsf gf/Ln] klg b'Mv lbg] ;tfpg] sfo{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljz]ift M a'xf/Ln] ;f;', gGbsf] pTkL8g v]Kg' k/]sf] x'G5 . cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs ?kdf k'?if dfly lge{/ x'Fbf cfkm\gf] glhssf] dfG5] k'?if -klt_ klg cfkm\gf] kIfdf gx'Fbf emg kL8fbfos l:yltsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . hfF8/S;L ;]jg, s'6lk6 ug]{, ;tfpg], s'g} cfly{s nfe x'g] k]zfdf ;+nUg gx'g] k'?ifx?n] ;a}eGbf a9L cfkm\g} kTgLnfO{ ;tfpg] ub{5g\ . pgLx? ;dfhdf cfkm"nfO{ ckx]lnt dxz'; u5{g . c?;Fu ePsf] emu8fsf] l/; klg cfkm\gL kTgLdfly b]vfpF5g\ .

clzIffsf sf/0f g]kfnL u|fdL0f If]qsf gf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . To;/L g} ;fg}df ljjfx x'Fbf sd} pd]/ b]lv kfl/jf/Ls bfloTj ylkg k'U5 . 3/kl/jf/sf] ;]jf b]lv lnP/ ufpF3/, d]nfkft ubf{ub}{ pgsf] ;Dk'0f{ hLjg g} ;lsOxfN5 . kl/jf/sf cu|h ;b:osf] dftxt /xL eg]sf] dfGg' / a'9];sfndf 5f]/fa'xf/Ln] gx]bf{, x]nf ubf{ ckdfgk"j{s hLjg latfpg afWo x'g' k/]sf] 5 . hLjge/ x8\8L 3f]n]/ sfd ubf{ klg ;Ddfgsf] ;§f ckdfg kfpg' k/]sf] x'G5 . kltsf] d[To' kl5 t gf/Lsf] hLjg emg si6s/ x'G5 . kl/jf/ leq pgLx?sf] x]nf x'G5 . To;/L g} ufpF ;dfhdf klg pgLx?sf] x/]s lqmofsnfk nfO{ lnP/ l6sfl6Kk0fL ug]{, x]nf ug]{, b'Mv lbg] ;tfpg] sfd ul/G5 . ;f}tfsf sf/0f ckx]lnt gf/Lx?n] t emg d'6'df ufF7f] kf/]/ x/]s ckdfg ;xg' kg]{ x'G5 . 3/df lelqPsL gofF dlxnfn] b'Mv lbFbf ckdfghgs Jojxf/sf sf/0f xfF:g' g ?g'sf] cj:yf l;h{gf x'G5 . slj s]jnk'/] ls;fg g]kfnL u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf ;Fu al9 kl/lrt ePsf sf/0f pgn] u|fdL0f gf/L hLjgsf ;d:ofnfO{ al9 a'em\g kfP / ltgnfO{ cfkm\gf /rgf dfkm{t ;dfhdf ;Dk|]if0f ug{ kfP . afn ljjfxsf sf/0f pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofnfO{ sljn] o;/L b]vfPsf 5g\ .

5 jif{sL 5f]/L x'Fbf s]6f] vf]Hg yfN5g\

b'w vfg] tL gfgLnfO{ kf]Osf 3/ kmfN5g\

-ufpFn] gf/Lx?_

bfx|L h'Fuf nfdfnfdf a"9f] nf]Ug] x'G5

tL gfgLsf] aOF;df prfFlx dl/lbG5

csf]{ laxf u/f}F eg] ;dfhn] y'S5

y'Sg] dfq lsg x'GYof] s'6\5, n'6\5, lk6\5 .

-ufpFn] gf/Lx?_

dfly pNn]lvt sljtfdf Psflt/ afnljjfxsf] k|;Ë cfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ c;dfg vfn] ljjfx sf] s'/f klg cfPsf] 5 . Pp6L afnvsf] a'9f] dflg; ;Fu ljjfx ubf{ a'9f] l5§} dg]{ / dlxnfn] sd pd]/d} ljwjf x'g' kb{5 . ljwjf ePkl5 ;dfhn] ug]{ ckdfghgs Jojxf/af6 klg dlxnfn] kL8f ef]Ug' k/]sf] x'G5 . o;/L Pp6f afn ljjfxn] slt ;d:ofnfO{ qmdzM lgDTofpF5 / To;n] dlxnfsf] hLjgdf ;d:of Nofpg] s'/fnfO{ sljn] dd{:kzL{ 9+un] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

o;/L g} sd pd]/df ljwjf x'g' k/]sL dlxnfsf] kL8f o;/L cleJoQm ePsf] 5 .

of] r~rn] pd]/df nf]Ug] r§} d/]

slt lbg] af]Sg] d}n] lj/xsf n'F8f

nf}g sNn] /f]lklbnf Xbodf v'F8f

afnv}df kf]O d¥of] d]/]f, of] 3/ g} nfUb5 cFw]/f] ..

-law'jf ljnfk_

o;/L g} kl/jf/ leq s;/L dlxnfx?n] lx+;f ;xg' k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f pgsf sljtfdf o;/L cfPsf] 5 .

kf]On] dnfO{ 76fof] s6s6 bf/f 6f]s]/

slnnf] d]/f] 5ftLdf ltvf] jrg /f]k]/ ..

-;fGgfgLsf] lj/x_

pTkL8g ;xg g;s]/ r/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ dfOtLnfO{ va/ k7fOlbg pgn] u/]sf] lanf}gf o;/L cfPsf] 5 .

n}hf r/L va/ tL dfOtLnfO{ ;'gfOb]

a'wjf/ ;a]/} afnfO{ lng k7fOb] .

slt s/fpF slt ?F s] u/]/ afFrf}+ lg

of] dfofn' hLjg s;sf] lglDt ;fFrf} lg .

-;fGgfgLsf] lj/x_

oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf pbfx/0fn] ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/Lsf n}lËs ;d:ofsf] p7fg ub{5 . pgLx?sf] hLjg ef]ufO / tL ef]ufO;Fu ;DalGwt cg'e"ltnfO{ sljn] :j/ k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ .

@=@ ls;fgsf sljtfdf juL{o ;d:of

ls;fgsf sljtfdf pRrjuL{o, ;De|fGt dlxnfsf] s'/f eGbf g]kfnsf] u|fdL0f kxf8L e]usf dlxnfsf] hLjg ef]ufOsf] k|;Ë cfPsf] 5 . ;fdfGo clzlIft, cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg kl/jf/sf dlxnfx?sf hLjgut ;d:ofnfO{ pgn] cfkm\gf sljtfdf p7fPsf 5g\ . Psflt/ dlxnf x'g'sf sf/0fn] pgLx?n] pTkL8g ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ juL{o ?kdf ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of emg ljs/fn 5g\ .

pgsf sljtfdf kLl8t gf/Lx?, xln, uf]7fnf / el/ofx?, ls;fg, dhb'/ / blntx? cflbsf b'Mvsf ;':s]/fx? dfq ;';]lnPsf 5}gg\, pgLx? leq kfls/x]sf] Hjfnfd'vL / pgLx?n] ;+ufn]sf :jKgn] klg cleJolQm kfPsf 5g\ . -lu/L, @)^* M@@_

cfly{s ;d:ofsf sf/0f afFRg sl7g x'Fbf cfkm" / cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf] hLjg lgjf{xdf ;d]t ;d:of cfPsf]df pgLx? u'gf;f] dfq ub}{gg\, To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu pkfo klg vf]Hg] k|of; ub{5g\ . ls;fgsf sljtfdf cfly{s ;d:ofsf sf/0f kL8f ef]Ug afWo ePsf g]kfnL dlxnfsf cfjfh ;zQm 9+un] cleJoQm ePsf] 5 . pgsf] ul/asf] u'gf;f], cfF u/, cfhsf] g]kfn, 9fqm]sf] hLjg sljtfdf juL{o ;d:of cfPsf] 5 . cfhsf] g]kfn sljtfdf hgtfnfO{ ljb]zL ;]gfdf etL{ x'g k7fpg] ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ c? b]zsf gful/s nfO{ cfkm\gf :jfy{sf nflu k|of]u ug]{, dg{ k7fpg] ;fd|fHojfbL /fi6«sf] gLltsf] lj/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf o'4sf sf/0f csfndf g]kfn o'jfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] / pgLx? dfly cfl>t kl/jf/hgsf] klg larNnL ePsf] s'/f sljtfdf cfPsf] 5 . ;fdGtL cfly{s zf]if0f / cfly{s b'/fj:yfsf sf/0f elt{df hfg afWo x'g' k/]sf] s'/f sljtfdf cfPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf gful/snfO{ sfd pknAw u/fpg' eGbf ef8fsf l;kfxL agfpg] ;/sf/sf] ;d]t sljtfdf lj/f]w cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL dlxnfnfO{ ljwjf agfpg], pgLx? nfO{ cfTdxTof ug{ afWo agfpg] o:tf] gLltsf] lj/f]w slj ls;fgn] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fFlxnLsf] lr7L sljtfdf klt k/b]z uPsL dlxnfn] cfkm"n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] cfly{s ;+s6 Pjd\ kfl/jf/Ls snxnfO{ o;/L phfu/ u/]sf 5g\ .

of] 3/sf] xfn va/ n]vL ;fWo 5}g

of] ;fnsf] v8]/Ln] afnLgfnL e}g

3/df 5 bGtahfg sf]lsP/} ?G5'

kf;f] nfpg] O/fbfn] s}n] 8f]/L km'G5' .

s]jnk'/] ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/Lx?n] cefj Pjd\ ul/aLsf sf/0f k'?if eGbf klg al9 kL8f ef]Ug' k/]sf] oyfy{nfO{ phfu/ ul/Psf] 5 .

slj ls;fgsf ;du| sljtfdf cg]s xf]rL c3]{nL ;x]/ zf]if0f, bdg / cefjsf lzsf/ dlxnfx? k|lt ulx/f] ;befj / P]Soa4tf /x]sf] 5 . ax'ljjfx, ;f}tf / ;f;' gGbsf] bdg, ljwjfkg ;xFb} PSn} sfd ug'{kg]{ t/ kmfObf eg] k'?if PSn}n] lng] kl/kf6Laf6 dlxnfx?n] kfPsf] b'Mv / kL8f ulx/f];Fu ls;fgn] cg'e"t u/]sf tyf dlxnf d'lQmsf kIfdf pgsf] c8fg / ;dy{g dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . -;'j]bL, @)^* M %(_

#= ls;fgsf sljtfdf /x]sf gf/L ;d:ofsf] klxrfg

slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgsf sljtfdf g]kfnL gf/Lsf ljljw ;d:ofnfO{ p7fg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL gf/Lx? ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] k5f8L k/]sf 5g\ . pgLx? nfO{ wd{sf gfdsf cg]sf}+ cg'zf;gdf afFwg vf]lhPsf] kfOG5 . pgLx?sf] hLjgsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ eGbf klg pgLx? nfO{ s;/L k'?ifsf] bf;Lsf ?kdf kl/0ft ug]{ eGg] lrGtgaf6 ag]sf lgodx?n] pgLx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg eGbf klg ;d:ofnfO{ aNemfpg] sfd u/]sf] kfOG5 .

;dfhdf /x]sf] ?9Lut ;+:sf/sf sf/0f Pp6L dlxnf ;d]t dlxnfnfO{ pTkL8g ug{ k'U5] . Pp6f gf/Ln] csL{ gf/Lsf] ;d:ofdf xft]dfnf] ug'{kg]{df pgLx? cfk;df n8]/ kl/jf/ Pjd\ ;dfhdf k'?ifsf] k|e'TjnfO{ g} alnof] agfpg] sfd ub{5g\ . g]kfnL u|fdL0f e]udf /x]sf gf/Ldf /x]sf] r]tgfsf] cefj, clzIff, ;fdGtjfbL pTkL8gsf sf/0f pgLx?sf] :j:y lrGtgsf] ljsf; g} x'g kfpFb}g . pgLx? cfkm\gf ;d:of k|:t't ug{ klg 8/fpF5g\ . slxFst} ;d:of kf] kg]{ xf] sL eGg] lrGtgn] ubf{ pgLx? ;Fw}el/ eou|:t eP/ afFr]sf x'G5g\ . g]kfnL gf/Lsf ;d:ofnfO{ p7fg ug]{ sfddf slj ;kmn 5g\ . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts sf ;fy;fy} /fhg}lts r]tgfsf] cefjsf sf/0f gf/Lx? b'Mv v]Kg afWo 5g\ .

cfly{s ;d:of, sd} pd]/df ljjfx, ljwjf x'g'kg]{, ax'ljjfxsf] df/ v]Kg'kg]{ sf/0fn] gf/Lx?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] gf/Lsf] dfgl;s l:yltnfO{ sljn] ;zQm 9+un] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf /x]sf cg]sg vfn] pTkL8gsf sf/0f gf/Lx? cfkm\gf ;d:of atfpg cl3 ;b}{gg\ . pgLx? To;nfO{ d'vl/t ug{ 8/fpF5g\ . ;d:ofx? cuf8L cfpFbf To;sf] ?k s] s:tf] x'G5 eGg] yfxf x'Fb}g\ . st} u'gf;fsf ?kdf, st} cg'/f]wsf ?kdf, st} wDsLsf ?kdf / st} ljb|f]xsf ?kdf klg tL k|s6 x'G5g\ . slj ls;fgsf sljtfdf gf/L ;d:of ljleGg :j?kdf k|s6 ePsf] 5 .

of}jgfj:yfsf /x/x? nfO{ k|s6 ubf{ ;fdflhs ckx]ngf ;xg' kg]{ / To;nfO{ bafP/ a:bf hLjge/ s'l07t eP/ afFRg'kbf{sf bf]wf/sf lardf gf/Lx?sf] hLjgdf ulx/f] dfgl;s k|efj k/]sf] / To;n] pgLx?sf] hLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efjnfO{ slj ls;fgn] p7fg u/]sf 5g\ .

slj ls;fgsf sljtfdf cfPsf] g]kfnL gf/Lx?sf] hLjgut ;d:of Ps k|d'v kIf xf] . cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f >Ldfg ljb]z uPkl5 pgLx?n] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts pTkL8gnfO{ sljn] k|d'vtfsf ;fy p7fPsf 5g\ .

;dfhn] u/]sf] pTkL8gsf sf/0f gf/Lx?sf] hLjg lj;+ut ePsf] 5 . oxL lj;+ultn] pgLx?sf] lrGtgdf klg ;d:of NofPsf] 5 . sltko cj:yfdf ljsNksf ?kdf c/fhs ljb|f]xsf s'/f cfpgdf klg Tolx lj;+ut hLjgsf] k|efjn] sfd u/]sf] kfOG5 .

slj ls;fgn] gf/L ;d:of dfq p7fg u/]sf 5}gg, tL ;d:of lj?4 plqg gf/LnfO{ ;d]t cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] r]tgf :t/ p7fpFbf hgtf :jo+ cfkm\gf ;d:of s] x'g\ / ltgsf] ;dfwfg s] xf] eg]/ yfxf kfpF5 . ;dfwfg kfPkl5 cfkm} ljb|f]xdf plqxfN5 . To;}n] hgtfnfO{ hfu[t u/fpg' k|d'v sfo{ xf] . o;y{df pgsf /rgf ;kmn dfGg'kb{5 . sltko sljtfdf lg/fzfsf] k|:t'lt, sltko sljtfdf lagf 6'ª\uf] ;dfkgn] pgsf] n]vgdf st} st} k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] klg b]lvG5 . Pp6f k|ultjfbL sljsf n]vgdf o:tf] s'/f cfpg' Tolt :jefljs eg] xf]Og .

$= lgisif{

g]kfnL sljtf n]vgsf If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ k|ltefsf ?kdf slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 . ljz]iftM hgefiffdf cfkm\gf ;flxlTos /rgf k|:t't ug]{ slj ls;fg g]kfnL k|ultjfbL sljtf kmfF6sf k|f/lDes sfnsf x:tL k|ltef x'g\ . >dhLjL juL{o lrGtgn] o'Qm pgsf sljtfdf gf/L ;d:of dfq x}g, ltgsf] ;dfwfgsf] s'/f klg cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] k|ultjfbL sljtfsf If]qdf pgn] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ 5 . pgsf] olx of]ubfgn] pgnfO{ cd/ agfpg] 5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;"rL

ls;fg, s]jnk'/]= -@)^^_= l;+uf] sljtf lhpFbf ls;fg= sf7df8f}+ M ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzg .

lu/L, cd/= -@)^*_=æhgefiffsf slj ls;fgÆ= zAb ;+of]hg= jif{ *=c+s *=

k"0ff{ª\s (! . k[i7 !&–@@ .

n'O6]n, g/gfy= -@)^*_=æpTkLl8t ls;fgsf slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgÆ= zAb

;+of]hg= jif{ *=c+s *= k"0ff{ª\s (! .k[i7 $(–%@ .

;'j]bL, k'?iff]Qd= -@)^*_= æg]kfnL sfJodf hgslj ls;fgsf] of]ubfgÆ= zAb

;+of]hg= jif{ *=c+s *= k"0ff{ª\s (! . k[i7 %&–^! .

w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L syfsf] ;dfhzf:q

!= ljifo k|j]z

xl/x/ vgfn g]kfnL syf ;flxTosf ;'kl/lrt ;|i6f x'g . pgsf chDd/L ufpF -syf ;ª\u|x, @)#&_, cfsfz 5'g] 8fF8fdfly -syf ;ª\u|x, @)#*_, b]z k/b]z -syf ;ª\u|x, @)$^_, adsf] l5sf{ - syf ;ª\u|x, @)$&_, ljut cfut -syf ;ª\u|x, @)%%_, b]zleq b]z vf]Hb} - syf ;ª\u|x, @)^)_ / lj36g -syf ;ª\u|x, @)^#_ k|sflzt 5g\ . k|fWofkg k]zfdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+nUg /xFb} cfPsf vgfn xfn cjsfz k|fKt hLjgsf ;fy} n]vg sfo{df ;do latfO/x]sf 5g\ . w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L zLif{ssf] syf ;dsfnLg oyfy{sf] ;hLj k|:t'ltsf ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . k|:t't n]vdf ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qsf JofVoftf n'l;PF uf]N8dfgsf] ljZjb[li6 ;DaGwL dfGotfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

@= ljZjb[li6 ;DaGwL uf]N8dfgsf] dfGotf

uf]N8dfg dfS;{jfbaf6 k|efljt n]vs x'g\ . k|mfG;sf afl;Gbf logn] ju{ ;+3if{ / ju{r]tgf ;DaGwL dfGotfdf km/s dt /fv]sf 5g\ . logsf] ;flxlTos lrGtgnfO{ ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qsf ?kdf JofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . uf]N8dfgsf] l;4fGtnfO{ pTklQd"ns ;+/rgfjfb elgG5 .

#= w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L syfsf] ;f/

of] syf g]kfnsf] z}lIfs kl/j]z ;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . /fi6sf] z}lIfs b'/fj:yfnfO{ o;n] b]vfPsf] 5 . d"Nodf cfPsf] x|f;, ;f+:s[lts ljrng, af}l4s :vngsf 36gfx? syfdf cfPsf 5g\ .

Pshgf SofDk; k|d'vsf] 8fo/L] / p;n] k|:t't u/]sf b}lgsLsf k|;+uaf6 syf k|f/De ePsf] 5 . k7gkf7g eGbf aGb, x8tfn, ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] gfddf ko{6s ljBfyL{x?sf] bfbflu/Lsf ;fy} k|fWofks ju{df /x]sf] r/d u'6aGbLnfO{ syfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .

SofDk; k|d'v ePsf] kfq rf/}lt/af6 cfkm"nfO{ 3]l/Psf] kfpF5 . Psflt/ :jljo" lgjf{rg u/fpg rfxg] / csf]{lt/ grfxg] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?sf] bafa / wDsLsf lar p;n] cfkm\gf] lhDdf ;Dxfn]sf] x'G5 .

wDsL, aGb, tf]8kmf]8sf] ;fdgf u5{ . Pshgf k|fWofks sxfF hfFbf k|fWofksx? Dofl/hdf Jo:t ePsf] kfpF5 . ljleGg bafj, ckdfghgs unt Jojxf/af6 cflht eP/ SofDk; k|d'vn] cfkm\gf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbG5 .

syfdf lg/; ;flxlTos sfo{qmd, :ylut eO/xg] :6fkm a}7s, lzj/fqLsf gfddf ufFhfsf] Jofkf/, k|hftGq lbj;sf] gfddf tdf;f b]vfpg] rng, tf]8kmf]8sf 36gfx? ljleGg k|;ª\u df cfPsf 5g\ .

z}lIfs If]qdf c/fhstf 5fPsf] / lhDd]jf/Laf]w ug]{x?n] g} knfogd'vL rl/q b]vfPsf 5g\ . s'g} klg JolQm of]Uotf eGbf, p;n] u/]sf] c;n sfd eGbf klg u'6sf] xf] sL xf]Og eGg] k|Zgn] pm k|ltsf] wf/0ff lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] kfOG5 . ;s];Dd cfkm" lhDd]jf/Laf6 klG5P h] ;'s} xf]; eGg] k|j[ltn] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] s'g} 7f]; ljsNk lbPsf] x'Fb}g . o;} ;Gbe{df z}lIfs If]qsf] c/fhstf nfO{ b]vfpg] sfo{ syfdf ul/Psf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df n]vssf] egfO{ pNn]v ug'{ ;fGb{les b]lvG5 .

ut jif{ ;fpg dlxgfdf ul/df dfl;sdf k|sflzt w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L zLif{ssf] d]/f] syf k9]kl5 To; syfdf lrq0f ul/Psf kfqx? xfdL g} x'g'kb{5 / a? d s'grfFxL kfq x'F eGb} s]xL dflg;x? dl;t lgx'F vf]h] emu8f ug{ klg cfP . lj/f]w / r]tfjgLsf To:tf :j/ ;femf k|sfzgsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;Dd klg k'u]sf] s'/f kl5 d}n] ;'g]F . To:t} wDsL / va/bf/Lsf sf/0fn] xf] sL s'lGg, cfhsn ul/dfsf lglDt k7fPsf To;kl5sf d]/f s]xL syfx? ;Dkfbsn] 5fK5' eg]/ klg 5flkPsf 5}gg\ . oyfy{df eGbf d}n] Tof] syf t xfd|f] pRr lzIffsf If]qdf b]lvPsf] ljs[lt / lj;+ultnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f u/]/ n]v]sf] lyPF . Tof] s'g} lglZrt JolQm / JolQmx?nfO{ O+lut u/]/ n]lvPsf] xf]Og . h] xf];, olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg d}n] n]vsLo hLjgaf6 lg/fz eP/ ljbf lng] ljrf/ ddf cfPsf] 5}g . -vgfn, @)^@ M#)_

dflysf] n]vssf] l:jsf/f]lQmn] klg pgsf] o; syfn] ;dfhdf kf/]sf] k|efjnfO{ b]vfPsf] 5 . syfdf jf:tljs hLjgsf] emns cfPsf]n] To;nfO{ cfkm";Fu hf]8]/ x]g]{ / k|ltlqmof hgfpg] sfd ljleGg JolQmx?n] u/]sf] / cfkm"nfO{ b'Mv lbg vf]h]sf] s'/f n]vs :jo+n] cleJoQm ul/;s]sf 5g\ . n]vgsf] k|efj slt;Dd x'G5 eGg] s'/f o; syfn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

$= uf]N8dfgsf] ljZjb[li6sf ;Gbe{df w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L syf

w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oyf{ysf] Ps t:jL/ xf] . g]kfnsf] af}l4s k|zf;lgs If]qsf ;fy} z}lIfs If]qdf b]lvPsf] cJoj:yf, c/fhstf o; syfdf k|ltlalDat 5 . c?nfO{ kL8f lbg] k|j[lt xfd|f] ;dfhsf cGo If]qdf eP h:t} af}l4s If]qdf ;d]t cfPsf] 5 .

syfdf d"ntM b'O{ vfn] ljZjb[li6 kfOG5 . Psflt/ d kfq SofDk; k|d'vn] Psvfn] ljZjb[li6sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf g]tfx?n] csf]{ vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ . :jljo" lgjf{rgs} ;Gbe{df ePsf ljjfb / 36gfx? cfPsf 5g\ . Psflt/ :jljo" lgjf{rg u/fpg] ls gu/fpg] eGg] ;Gbe{df ljleGg ljBfyL{ ;+u7g lar ljjfb b]lvG5 eg] csf]{lt/ :jljo" lgjf{rgs} ;Gbe{df SofDk; k|d'vnfO{ wDsL lbg], ufnLunf}h ;d]t lbPsf] kfOG5 . cfkm\gf dfux? dgfpg ljBfyL{x?n] lbg] wDsL d kfqn] y]Ug ;Sb}g . 8fo/L z}nLdf n]lvPsf] o; syfdf d kfqsf cg'e"ltx? ;hLj eP/ cfPsf] 5 . syf n]vs cfkm" klg nfdf] ;dob]lv k|fWofks If]qdf ;+nUg ePsf]n] z}lIfs If]qsf] ultljlwsf ef]Qmf klg x'g\ . hLjgsf] nfdf] cg'ejnfO{ l;h{gfdf ptfg{ pgnfO{ ;xh ePsf] b]lvG5 .

syfdf …dÚ kfqsf] dfgl;stfnfO{ o;/L]] JoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

æd csf]{ sf]7fdf l5g]{ lalQs} ltgLx?n] dnfO{ 3]/] . d ;se/ gd| eP/ af]Ng] k|of; uy]{F . ltgLx? lgx'F vf]Hg] s'/f uy]{ .Æ -k[= $#_

To;/L g} 7f8} xfsfxfsL wDsL lbg] u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ o;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

æcasf] afx| 306fleq tfnf vf]n]/ r'gfj u/fpg', geP d /utsf] vf]nf] aufOlbG5' . Æ-k[= $$_

:jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] r'gfjsf gfddf x'g] n8fO, emu8f, åGb, ljBfyL{ ;+u7g lardf dfq x'Fb}g sL To;sf] k|efj SofDk; k|d'v, ljBfyL{ nufot ;Dk'0f{ z}lIfs If]qdf k/]sf] x'G5 . Psflt/ :jljo' r'gfj u/fpg vf]Hg] kIf 5 eg] csf]{lt/ gu/fpg] kIf 5 . Pp6fn] tfnfaGbL u5{, csf]{n] tfnf tf]85 .

o;/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf gfddf x'g] u/]sf lqmofsnfk / ultljlwn] csf]{ vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . k9fOsf a]nf sFxL st} gb]lvg] / r'gfj b]lvPkl5 SofDk;df em'Nsg] df};dL ljBfyL{ g]tf k|j[ltnfO{ o;/L b]vfOPsf] 5 .

æ;ft ah]lt/ ho/fh gDa/ b'O{ SofDk;df k|j]z u/\of] . xf]cf];, gxf]cf];\, pm cfkm"nfO{ ;fgf]ltgf] g]tf 7fG5 . SofDk; kl/;/df k|To]s b'O{ jif{df x'g] r'gfjsf a]nf em'Nsg] df};dL ljBfyL{x? lyP . p;nfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} ltgLx? p;sf cl3kl5 nfu] . Æ -k[=$)–$!_

cfkm"n] rfx]sf] h:tf] gePkl5 SofDk; k|d'vnfO{ wDsfpg] s'/f syfdf o;/L cfPsf] 5 .

æ d[usf x'ndf k;]sf] x'F8f/;l/ ho/fh gDa/ ;ft x'lQFb} km]l/ ToxfF k:of] / 3f]if0ff u/\of] of] SofDk; k|d'vnfO{ kfgL;fgL dG;fP/ /fVg', d v's'/L lnP/ cfpF5' / o;nfO{ aln r9fPkl5 d 9f]sf kmf]5'{ .Æ -k[= $$_

o; syfdf Psflt/ rf}tkmL{ bafjdf k/]sf] SofDk; k|d'vsf] dfgl;stf / lqmofsnfksf dfWodaf6 Psvfn] ljZjb[li6sf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L af]w eGbf klg s;/L 6fpsf] arfpg] eGg] lrGtg SofDk; k|d'vsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] l:ylt s;/L pTkGg eof] < o;sf] P]ltxfl;s k[li6e"ld tkm{ uP/ x]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf af}l4s If]qdf u'6aGbLsf] /f]u k'/fgf] ePtf klg lj=;= @)$^ ;fnkl5 g]kfnsf] af}l4s If]qdf r/d /fhgLlts/0f eof] . x/]s tx tKsfdf cfkm\gf /fhg}lts ;+u7gsf dflg; eg]{ k|lqmof k|f/De eof] . h;sf sf/0f k]zfut dof{bf sfod ug]{ eGbf klg cfkm\gf dflg; vf]Hg] k|j[lt ubf{ af}l4s ;d"bfo klg u'6aGbLdf nfUof] . o;} sf/0f cljZjf;, cfz+sf, e|d / cGof}n l;h{gf x'Fb} uof] . k|fWofks ju{n] cfkm\gf] k]zfut lxt eGbf kf6L{ lxtnfO{ Wofgdf lbg yfn]kl5 s;/L ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ eGbf klg s;/L 6fpsf] arfpg] eGg] ;f]r g} k|efjL aGof] . k|fWofksx?n] SofDk; k|d'vnfO{ km/s /fhg}lts cf:yf ePs} sf/0f ;xof]u gug]{ / SofDk; k|d'v klg cfkm" dfq s;/L aRg] eGg] cfTds]lGb|t :jfyL{ dgf]j[lt c“ufNg] k|j[ltsf sf/0f /fhLgfdf lbg] l:ylt lgdf{0f ePsf] kfOG5 . SofDk; k|d'vn] af]s]sf] knfogjfbL rl/q pgsf] cfkm\gf] JolQmut nx8 jf afWotf eGbf klg cfTds]lGb|t, JolQmut ;'/Iff vf]Hg] lrGtgaf6 knfPsf] b]lvG5 .

c/fhstf dRrfpg] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf df};d] ljBfyL{ g]tfx?sf] lqmofsnfksf dfWodaf6 csf]{ vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 5 . ljBfyL{x?sf] ljZjf; kfP/ ljBfyL{ /fhgLlt ug]{eGbf klg df/sf6df a9L ljZjf; ug]{ k|j[lt pgLx?df cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f pgLx?df /x]sf] g}lts d"Nodf x|f;, cfbz{ Ro't ePsf sf/0f ePsf] kfOG5 . ank"j{s cfkm\gf]] s'/f dfGg nufpg] afx'ann] h] klg x'G5 eGg] b[li6sf]0f pgLx?df /x]sf] kfOG5 . cfkm\gf u'?x?sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ kl/kf6L ;dfKt ePsf] kfOG5 . Pp6f ;+:sf/jLlxg hdftn] ef]lnsf] af}l4s hutsf] g]t[Tj s;/L yfDg ;S5 < eGg] lrGtf kfqdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . of] pgsf] dfq geP/ xfdL ;a}sf] lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] .

k~rfot sfndf g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng ;du| k|ltkIfL g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|df x'g] uYof]{ . k|ltalGwt g]kfnL /fhgLlts kf6L{x? ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf ultljlw ;~rfng ug]{ ub{y] . @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g kl5 /fhg}lts kf6L{x? /fhgLltsf] s]Gb|efudf cfP / ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] e"ldsf uf}0f aGb} uof] . ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ljz'4 z}lIfs dfunfO{ s]Gb|df /fVg] l:ylt lgdf{0f x'g ;s]g . /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf] lgs6 /xg], :jtGq ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf h;/L klg lhTg'kg]{ ;f]r ljsl;t x'Fb} uof] . :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogdf /x]/ cfkm\gf] /fhg}lts eljio ;kfg]{ eGg] k|Zg k|d'v aGb} uof] . :jljo"df /x]/ cfly{s rnv]n ug]{, e|i6frf/ ug]{b]lv lnP/ u'08fubL{, df/lk6 ug]{ s'/fx? ;fdfGo aGb} uof] . cWoogzLn, ;Ifd ljBfyL{x? eGbf k9fOdf sdhf]/, a'9f] x'Fbf;Dd klg z}lIfs ;+:yf g5f8g] dflg;x? ljBfyL{sf gfddf /fhgLlt ug{ nfu] . hf] jif{el/ sIffdf b]lvb}Fgg\, ltg} dflg; :jljo" lgjf{rgsf a]nf clg SofDk;df ljjfb, emu8f ePsf a]nf cfP/ lg0ff{os x'g] s'/fn] ;du| ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] lbzfdf ;xL af6f]sf cefj /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . syfdf df};d] ljBfyL{ g]tfsf ultljlw / lqmofsnfkn] pTkGg qf;sf sf/0f pTkGg dgl:yltn] Ps vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 eg] c?nfO{ qf;df /fv]/ cfkm\gf] s'/f dgfpg] k|j[ltn] csf]{vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

uf]N8dfg s'g} ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf] ;+/rgf;Fu s[ltleq ;+/lrt ;+;f/sf] ;dfgwld{tf x'G5 eG5g\ . o;nfO{ ;+/rgfsf] ;dfgwld{tf elgG5 .

o; syf /rgfdf klg af}l4s k|fl1s ju{sf ljBfyL{ k|fWofksx?sf] ljZjb[li6sf] ;+/rgf;Fu s[ltleq ;+/lrt ;+;f/sf] ;dfgwld{tf /x]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] z}lIfs af}l4s ju{sf] jt{dfgsf] oyfy{nfO{ syfsf/n] syfdf /fd|/L k|s6 u/]sf] kfOG5 .

dflg;x?sf] ;fd'lxs r]tgf g} ljZjb[li6 x'g] dfGotf uf]N8dfgsf] /x]sf] kfOG5 . c/fhstf, aGb, x8tfn, tf]8kmf]8, lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ grfxg] k|j[lt cfTd;'/Iffaf6 pTkGg x'G5 . cfTd;'/Iffsf sf/0f gfhfoh 9+un] ul/g] unt lqmofsnfkn] ;dfhnfO{ ktgsf] af6f]df nUg] lglZrt 5 . ;dfh htf hfcf];, cfkm" / cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] lxt dfq rfxg] ;fd'lxs lrGtgn] o; vfn] ljZjb[li6sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug]{ / ;s];Dd ;Gt'ng ldnfP/ sfd ug{ k||of; u/]tf klg lg0ff{os cj:yfdf lhDd]jf/Laf6 efUg] SofDk; k|d'vsf] r]tgf klg syfdf csf]{ ljZjb[li6sf] ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] sfo{ ubf{ub}{ klg /fhLgfdf lbg afWo x'g'kg]{ cj:yfsf] lgdf{0f x'g'df ljBfyL{ g]tfx?sf] c/fhstf t lhDd]jf/ 5Fb} 5, csf]{ lt/ SofDk; k|d'vsf] bAa' k|j[lt Pjd\ ;'/Iff vf]Hg] k|j[lt klg Tolts} lhDd]jf/ 5 .

SofDk; k|d'vsf] lrGtgsf ?kdf cfPsf] of] hLjgb[li6 Ps hgfsf] dfq x}g, pgL h:tf w]/} dflg;sf] hLjgb[li6 xf] . ;dfhdf cfkm\gf] k]zfut sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg ug{ vf]Hbf rf}tkmL{ bafj em]Ng'kg]{ cj:yf w]/}n] ef]u]sf 5g\ . s'g} pkfo gePkl5 knfog x'g] dfgl;stfdf k'Ug] o; k|j[ltn] klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf s'g} 7f]; lg0f{o lbg;Sg] b]lvFb}g\ .

SofDk; k|d'vsf] knfogd'vL dfgl;stfnfO{ syfdf o;/L cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

æTo;sf] Tof] uh{gn] ;a}sf d'6' sfFk] . To;kl5 d 3/lt/ lxF8] . 3/df k'u]kl5 Psl5g ;':tfPF / s]xL a]/kl5 Ps kGgf km'n:s]k lems]/ /fhLgfdf lbPF .Æ -k[=$$_

syfdf SofDk; rLkm / csf]{lt/ df};d] ljBfyL{x?sf] ljZjb[li6 lgtfGt ?kdf pgLx?sf] dfq x}g sL l;+uf] ;dfh;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . b]zsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, If]qdf 36gfsf] k|efj o;;Fu ldl;Psf] 5 . b]zdf 5fPsf] c/fhstf, cJoj:yfsf] k|efj;Fu o;sf] ;fOgf] ufFl;Psf] 5 . aGbsf] cfof]hgf, /fhg}lts lvFrftfgL, efFudf n6\7Lg] o'jfju{n] b]zdf ePsf] cJoj:yfnfO{ ;"lrt u5{g\ . unt s'/f x]g{ g;Sg] ;/sf/n] afnaflnsfsf] xTof u/]sf] s'/fsf] pbfx/0f o; pbfx/0fn] klg b]vfpF5

æ lzjw'gL hufpg 7fpF7fpFdf 8f]/L 6fFu]/ s]6fs]6Lx? af6f]df cj/f]w ub}{ 5g\ . k};f a6'Nb} 5g\ . b]zsf] zflGt Joj:yfdf h'6]sf] ;/sf/ ltgLx?sf cfFvfdf lx|+;s 5fFof b]V5 / p;sf] xftsf] kmnfd] gnL af?bsf] SofK;'n vfP/ cfuf] cf]s]N5 clg /ut afGtf u5{ . /fhdfu{sf lkr ;8s /utdf g'xfpF5g\ . lzjsf pkf;s o'jfo'jtLx?sf] OxnLnf ;dfKt x'G5 .Æ k[= $) .

syfdf SofDk; lrkm / ljBfyL{x?sf] dfq x}g, k|fWofksx?sf] k|;+u klg cfPsf] 5 . of] ljZjb[li6sf ?kdf ge} j}olQms k|j[ltsf ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . lhDd]jf/Laf6 efUg] k|j[lt pgLx?df klg 5 . To:t} u/L h'jftf;df /Dg] u/]sf] oyfy{nfO{ klg d kfqsf] sygaf6 k|li6G5 .

æljljw vfn] dflg;x? l;t e]63f6, ljrf/ljdz{ / ;/;Nnfx ubf{ub}{ ;do lat]sf] kQ} ePg . Ps k6s Ps hgf k|fWofkssf] 3/df k'u]F . k|fWofksx?sf] Pp6f ;fg' ;d"x ToxLF lyof] . ;a} Dofl/hdf Jo:t .Æ -k[= $$_

syfdf o:tf] k|j[lt ;3g ?kdf cfPsf] 5}g . o;n] syfsf] d"n k|j[lt af]Sb}g . oyfy{sf] Ps s'?k oyfy{nfO{ eg] o;n] ;+s]t u5{ .

syfdf cleJoQm ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / ltgsf] g]t[Tj ju{sf] k|j[lt dfq} g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;du| k|j[lt eg] xf]Og . ;dosf] Ps sfnv08df ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] gfddf x'g] c/fhstGqn] dfq g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;du|tfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{g . g]kfnsf] jfd k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;df g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . To;/L g} ljBfyL{x?sf] lxtsf lgldQ ;xsfo{ u/]/ cuf8L a9g] kIfn] ;xsfo{ / ;xdltsf] ofqfnfO{ ljsl;t g} u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljljw If]qdf ;xsfo{ / ;xdlt cuf8L a9fpgdf o; lsl;dsf] sfo{n] d2t k'¥ofpg] g} b]lvG5 . o;f] eGb}df ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf gfddf x'g] u/]sf ljs[ltk"0f{ lqmofsnfknfO{ kIfkf]if0f ul/Psf] eg] xf]Og . ePsf /fd|f kIfnfO{ c+ufNb} v/fa kIf x6fpg] lt/ nfUgdf ;a}sf] kxn x'g' h?/L 5 eGg] dfq xf] .

%=lgisif{

w]/} ho/fhx? / Pp6f k|fWofkssf] 8fo/L ;d;fdlos oyf{ysf] c+sg ul/Psf] syf xf] . g]kfnL ;dfh k|hftGqkl5sf] 5f8ftGqsf] Ps emns o; syfn] k|:t't ub{5 . syfdf cfPsf] ljZjb[li6n] leGg leGg vfn] ;fdflhs ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf] k|ltlglwTj u5{ . tL ljZjb[li6n] syfsf] lgdf{0f / To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf] ;fy} cGo ljleGg vfn] ;fdflhs k|j[lt klg syfdf cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] s'?k oyfy{nfO{ b]vfpg] sfo{df of] syf ;kmn 5 . g]kfnsf] z}lIfs hutdf 5fPsf] c/fhs, lhDd]jf/Laf]w gePsf] l:ylt / ultxLgtfsf] pbfx/0fsf ?kdf of] syf cfPsf] 5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;"rL

vgfn xl/x/, -@)^#_, lj36g, ;femf k|sfzg, nlntk'/ .

================, -@)^@_, ækf7ssf dgdf bL3{sfnLg k|efj 5f]8\g ;Sg] ;flxTo g} pTs[i6 ;flxTo xf] .Æ -cGt{jftf{_, hgdt, -@#÷#, !!)_, ;Dkf= df]xg b'jfn, ag]kf M hgdt k|sfzg, k[=@*–#)

bfxfn, v]dgfy -@)%*_,æ cfw'lgs g]kfnL pkGof;sf] ;dfhzf:q Æ -ck|=_= ljBfjfl/lw zf]wk|aGw, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/, sf7df08f} .

h}g, lgd{nf -;g\ !((@_, ;flxTosf] ;dfhzf:qLo lrGtg, -låtLo ;+_, lbNnL M lbNnL ljZjljBfno .

kf08]o, d}g]h/ -;g\ !(*(_, ;flxTos] ;dfhzf:q sL e"ldsf, rG8Lu9 M xl/of0ff ;flxTo csfbdL .

l;+x, aRrg -;g\ @)!!_, ;flxTosf ;dfhzf:q, Onfxfafb M nf]sef/tL k|sfzg . If]qL, pbo -@)^$_, æ;dfhzf:qLo b[li6|df OGb|axfb'/ /fO{sf cfVofgsf] cWoogÆ -ck|=_ ljBfjfl/lw zf]wk|aGw, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ M sf7df08f} .

leIf'sf] …6fOlki6Ú syfdf åGbljwfg

!= syfsf/ ejfgL leIf'

g]kfnL syfsf] kmf“6df dgf]j}1flgs oyfy{jfbL wf/fsf l;4x:t k|ltef ejfgL leIf' -!(^^–@)#*_ n] …zf/bfÚ klqsfdf k|sflzt …dfgjÚ -!((%_ af6 cfkm\gf] syfofqf z'¿ u/]sf x'g . k|f/Dedf lxGbLdf snd rnfpg nfu]sf leIf'n] l;l4r/0f >]i7sf] k|]/0ffn] g]kfnLdf snd rnfPsf] kfOG5 . pgsf u'gs]z/L -@)!&_, d}of;fx]a -@)!&_, cfj{t -@)@$_ / cjfGt/ -@)#$_ u/L $ j6f syf ;ª\u|xx¿ k|sflzt 5g .

leIf'sf] syfdf d"n ljifosf] ¿kdf of}gsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgL of}gnfO{ pRr, dfgjLo d"Nosf] ¿kdf c+ufNg] ub{5g . of}gnfO{ efjgfTds ;+j]bfTds ¿kdf pgn] l:jsf/]sf] kfOG5 . kfqsf dgleq k;]/ p;sf] dgf]nf]ssf] ljZn]if0fsf ;fy} dgf]åGbsf] s"zntfk"j{s pb3f6g klg u/]sf 5g . pgsf syfdf :jR5GbtfjfbL 5fofjfbsf] k|efj kfOG5 / kfqx¿ j}olQms cfbz{tkm{ em"s]sf kfOG5g\ .

o; n]vdf d"ntM …6fOlki6Ú syfsf kfqx¿sf] cfGtl/s Pjd\ afxo åGbnfO{ s]nfpg] ;fdfGo k|of; ul/g]5 . 6fOlki6 syfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df kfqx¿sf] dfgl;s ptf/r9fj Pjd\ lqmofsnfksf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/g]5 .

@ 6fOlki6 syfdf åGb

6fOlki6 syfdf gf/Lkfqsf] k|wfgtf 5 . gf/L kfqx¿sf] dgf]ljZn]if0fdf g} syfsf] 36gfqmd cuf8L a9]sf] kfOG5 . åGb d'ntM b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g, cfGtl/s / afxo . cfGtl/s åGb JolQmdgsf b'O{ ljkl/t ljrf/, wf/0ff Pjd\ dfGotfsf lar x'G5 eg] afxo åGb l;ldt ¿kdf cfPsf] x'G5 . syfsf k|d'v kfqx¿df zfGtL / dLgf gfds kfqx¿ /x]sf 5g . To;/L g} Pp6f o'js, o'jssL >LdtL, zfGtLsf] >Ldfg klg ;xfos ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 .

of] syf d"ntM gf/Ldgsf] ljZn]if0fdf g} cl3 a9]sf] 5 . g]kfnL dWodju{sf gf/L kfqsf] OR5f, rfxgf Pjd\ dgf]åGbsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df syf cuf8L a9]sf] 5 . ;sL–g;sL dfl;s 3/Jojxf/ wfGg'kg]{ ljjztf, cefj / c;Gt'li6lar xf“;]/ af“Rg'kg]{ cj:yfsf lar af“lr/x]sf kfqx¿sf] ;DkGg / j}ejzfnL hLjg af“Rg rfxg] OR5f clg oyfy{;“usf] hDsfe]6sf] syf–Joyf o; /rgfdf kfOG5 .

6fOlki6 syfdf /x]sf gf/L kfqx¿df zfGtL / dLgf k|d'v 5g . To; afx]s o'jssL >LdtLsf] klg pkl:ylt kfOG5 . zfGtL 6fOlkª l;ls/x]sf] avt p;sf] laxf x'G5 . laxf kl5 >Ldfgsf] hfuL/n] dfq 3/Jojxf/ Pjd\ p;sf JolQmut vr{ gwfGg] cj:yf cfPkl5 6fOlki6sf] hfuL/ vfg yfn]sf] kfOG5 . k};f sdfP/ 3/df lb“bf 3/sf dflg; v'zL ePsf] / >LdfgnfO{ klg ;xof]u k'u]sf]df p;nfO{ s]xL dfgl;s t[lKt x'G5 . Tolt x'“bfx'“b} klg p;sf] dgdf ljleGg rfxgfx¿ ba]/ /x]sf kfOG5g . clk;df xflsdn] xkfbf{ b'vL x'g] pm ;fyL dLgf;“u} SoflG6gdf lrof vfg hfg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . SoflG6gdf cfpg] hfg] qmd;“u} ToxL SoflG6gdf cfO/x]sf] x'G5 . b'j} hgfsf] dgdf Tof] o'jsn] :yfg u|x0f ub{5 . zfGtLn] cfkm\gf] rfxgf Pjd\ cfsif{0f xtkt hfx]/ u/]sf] x“b}g . SoflG6gdf o'jssf] lbglbg}sf] pkl:ylt Pjd\ dLgf;“usf] s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf p;sf] cfsif{0f Tof] o'jslt/ tflgG5 t}klg p;n] of] s'/f dLgfnfO{ atfp“lbg . s'/fsfgLs} qmddf cfkm' s;};“u cfs{lift gePsf] atfPklg p;sf] cfs{if0f lbglbg} a9b} hfG5 . Tof] o'jsnfO{ dgdg} dg k/fPb]lv pm nf]Ug]k|lt ljslif{t h:t} x'G5], ljd'v x'G5] . of] qmd rln/xG5 . kl5 Pslbg Tof] o'js SoflG6gdf cfPsf] / p;nfO{ vf]Hb} Toxf“ k'u]sL p;sL >LdtLn] zfGtL / dLgfk|lt ckx]ngfk'j{s jrg af]n]kl5 Tof] o'jsn] klg æl5, r'k nfu g † oL 6fOlki6 kf] t ======. logLx¿sf] vfn g} o:t} x'G5…======.Æ eg]kl5 p;df Tof] o'jsk|lt df]xe+u x'G5 / dLgfnfO{ SoflG6g aflx/ tfg]/ hfg] sfd u5]{ . To;kl5sf lbgdf pm cfkm\gf] nf]Ug]k|lt dfgl;s Pjd\ ef}lts ¿kn] a9L ;dlk{t x'G5] .

To;/L g} dLgf klg zflGt;“u} Ps} sfo{fnodf sfd ug]{ -6fOlki6 kbdf_ cljjflxt gf/L xf] . dWodjuL{o kfl/jf/Ls k[i7e"ld ePsL dLgfdf klg cfkm\gf] /fd|f] 3/af/ xf];, ;'v;onn] af“Rg kfOof]; eGg] rfxgf ba]/ /x]sf] kfOG5 . kl/l:ylt cg's'n gx'“bf pm s'l07t eP/ af“lrlbG5] . SoflG6gdf b]lvPsf] o'jsnfO{ b]Vbf p;sf bldt rfxgfx¿ hfU5g / sfdj[lt klg hfUb5 . cfkm\gf] cfsif{0fnfO{ pm l;w} cleJolQm klg ;lSbg . cfkm\gf rfxgfnfO{ p;n] ck|ToIf ¿kdf hfx]/ ub{5] . pm zfGtLnfO{ o'js zfGtL;“u cfs{lift ePsf] h:tf] b]vfP/ s'/f u5]{ . jf:tjdf pm zfGtL;“u To:tf] s'/f u/]klg leqleq} cfkm\gf] cfsif{0fnfO{ s;/L cleJoQm ug]{ eGg] åGbd} af“lr/x]sL x'G5] . zfGtL klg Tof] o'js;“u cfslif{t x'g yfn]sf] b]Vbf p;df O{iof{efj dgdg} hfUb5 . kl5 o'js / p;sL >LdtLsf] x]kfxf Jojxf/ b]v]kl5 p;df klg o'jsk|lt ljt[i0ff hfUb5 .

k|:t't syfsf cWoog ubf{ ;aeGbf a9L åGb zfGtLdf kfOG5 . p;df åGbsf] lgdf{0f ;'v;ondf af“Rg rfxg] rfxgfn] u/]sf] x'G5 . Psflt/ hLjgsf ef}lts cfjZostfsf] kl/k'lt{ ePsf] 5}g eg] csf]{lt/ ;'v;ondf af“Rg] rfxgf 5 . oL b'O{ s'/fn] zfGtLdf dfgl;s k|efj b]lvO/xG5 . wgL, k9]n]v]sf] o'jsk|ltsf] cfsif{0f p;sf] ToxL ;'vk'j{s af“Rg rfxg] OR5fsf] kl/0flt xf] . cfkm\gf] >Ldfg;“u p;n] rfx]h:tf] ef}lts, dfgl;s, of}lgs cfjZostf k'/f ePsf] b]lv“b}g . tL c;Gt'li6x¿ p;sf] dgleq ba]/ /x]sf x'G5g . dLgf;“usf] SoflG6gdf s'/fsfgLsf qmddf p;df dfgl;s k|efj b]vfp“5 . p;sf] dgdf leqleq} o'jsk|lt cfzlQm a95 / ltgn] lgsf;sf] af6f] vf]H5g t/ kl5Nnf 36gfqmd p;sf cg's'n x'“b}gg / p;n] k'/fg} l:yltdf cfkm\gf] kl/j]z Pjd\ klt;“u dfgl;s ¿kn] ;Demf}tf ug{ k'u]sf] kfOG5 . zfGtLleqsf] åGbnfO{ p;sf] kltn] a'emg g} ;Sb}g . klxn] cfkm';“u ljd'v h:tf] b]lvPsL kTgL kl5 s;/L ;dk{0fsf] l:yltdf k'lug, of] s'/f p;n] yfxf g} kfpg ;Sb}g . Ps lx;fan] syfdf p;sf] e'ldsf lgl:qmo g} b]lvG5 . ;r]t ¿kdf afxo kl/l:yltsf] oyfy{ l:jsf/]sL zfGtL cr]tgdf o'jsk|lt cfslif{t ePklg kl5 p;sf] r]tg dgn] p;nfO{ lhT5 . oyfy{af]w x'G5 / pm k'/fg} cj:yfdf kms{g] cj:yf cfp“5 . cGt{d'vL :jefjsf sf/0f p;df a9L g} dgf]åGb kfOG5 . r]tg / cr]tg dgsf] åGb p;df 5 .

dLgf klg zfGtL;“u} 6fOlki6 kbdf sfd ug]{ p;sL ;fyL xf] . SoflG6gdf ;“u} lrof vfg hfg] / cfk;df 5nkmn, s'/fsfgL ul//xG5g . dLgfsf] klg cj:yf zfGtL h:t} 5 . pm k9]n]v]sL, dWodjuL{o cljjflxt o'jtL xf] . jt{dfg hLjgk|lt p;df klg ;Gt'li6 5}g . ;kmn 3/af/sf] rfxgf / ;'vL ;DkGg hLjgsf] nfn;f p;sf] klg 5 . SoflG6gdf b]lvPsf] o'jsk|lt cfs{if0f ePtf klg Tof] ck|ToIf ¿kdf zfGtL;“u cleJoQm x'G5 / zfGtL klg leqleq} o'jsk|lt cfslif{t ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 leqleq} O{iof{ ug{ k'U5] . kl5 o'jssf] pkxf;fTds jrgn] p;df klg o'jsk|ltsf] cfsif{0f Pj+ zfGtL;“usf] O{iof{ Ps}rf]6L x/fpg k'U5 . zfGtL h:t} pm cGt{d'vL kfq xf]Og . To;}n] p;nfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd rf]6 k'Ub5 . p;df dfgl;s eGbf afxo åGbsf] k|efj 5 .

o'js kfqdf klg s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf åGb kfOG5 . SoflG6gdf b]lvPsf b'O{ o'jsk|lt pm klg n'Aw aGg k'Ub5 . n'sLn'sL p;n] klg pgLx¿nfO{ x]g]{ sfd u/]sf\] x'G5 . SoflG6gdf >LdtL p;nfO{ vf]Hb} cfPkl5 >LdtLn] SoflG6gdf cfPsf o'jtLx¿sf] pkl:yltnfO{ g¿rfO{ s'/f ubf{ pm klg >LdtLsf] lrQ a'emfpg tL o'jtLx¿k|lt ckx]ngfTds jrg af]Ngk'U5 . tL o'jtLx¿ v/fa xf]Ogg eGg] yfxf x'“bfx““b} klg p;n] g/fd|f] jrg af]Ng k'U5 . p;sf] r]tg dgn] pgLx¿nfO{ 7Ls 7x¥ofP klg >LdtLsf] cl3 cfkm"nfO{ ;xL ;flat ug{ pm To;/L af]Ngk'U5 / kl5 dgdg} kZrftfk u5{ . p;sf] r]tg dgnfO{ cr]tg dgn] lhT5 . kl5 oyfy{ af]w x'“bf l9nf] eO;s]sf] x'G5 .

o'jssL >LdtL gf/Lsf] O{iof{n' rl/qsf] k|ltlglwTj u5]{ . >LdfgnfO{ vf]Hb} cfPsf avt pm 3/Jojxf/ / b}lgs hLjgsf s'/f ul//x]sL x'G5] . Toxf“ xf“l;/x]sf, s'/f ul//x]sf b'O{ o'jtLx¿ b]Vbf p;df O{iof{ Pjd\ l/; Ps}rf]6L k|s6 x'G5 / p;sf] cleJolQmn] Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf t/ª\u Nofp“5 . kTgLnfO{ v'zL kfg{ p;sf] >Ldfg tL o'jtLx¿ k|lt g/fd|f] jrg af]Ngk'U5 . Tof] ;'lg;s]kl5 o'jtLx¿ b'MvL eP/ Toxf“af6 aflx/ hfG5g . cfkm\gf] >Ldfg cfkm\gf] dfq e}b]cf]; / pm;“u s;}n] af}Ng], x]g]{ sfd ;d]t gu/f]; eGg] dgf]u|GyLaf6 pm kLl8t x'G5] . p;sf] of] kL8f zAbdfkm{t k|s6 x'G5 / l:yltdf cs}{ df]8 cfp“5 . r]tg ¿kdf Toxf“ ePsf o'jtLx¿ k|lt cgle1 /x]sL pm cr]tgdf æs;}u/L cfkm\gf] >Ldfg logLx¿sf] ;+utdf t 5}g <Æ eGg] O{iof{efjn] k|]l/t eO{ cfkm'af6 >Ldfg ljd'v x'g;Sg] ;+efljt cfz+sf kfNgfn] To:tf] lqmofsnfk ug{k'U5 . p;df klg cr]tgs} k|efj 5 .

#= pk;+xf/

ejfgL leIf' d"ntM dgf]j}1flgs oyfy{jfbL wf/fsf cu|0fL syfsf/ x'g . pgsf syfdf gf/Ldgsf ;'Id ;+j]bgfnfO{ :kz{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . kfqsf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ oyfy{ w/ftndf /fv]/ To;sf] cfwf/df x]g]{ sfd pgn] u/]sf] kfOG5 . of}gnfO{ lzi6 9+un] k|:t't ug'{ pgsf] n]vgsf] snf xf] . pgsf /rgfdf kfqsf cfGtl/s Pjd\ afxo åGbnfO{ ;fdflhs kof{j/0f;“u hf]8]/ phfu/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ''pgsf gf/L rl/qx¿ ;fdfGo c;Gt'l6 hfx]\/ u5{g, cfkm}df e'6e'l6G5g t/ lj/f]w Pjd\ ljb|f]x ug{ ;Sb}gg . 6fOlki6 syfdf d'nt M gf/Ldgsf ;+j]bgfnfO{ phfu/ ul/Psf] 5 . afx\o åGbsf] t'ngfdf kfqx¿sf] dgf]åGbn] ;zQmtf kfPsf] 5 . oyfy{sf] ;fdgf ug{k'Ubf kfqdf c;dfGo l:ylt b]vf k5{ / pgLx¿ c;Gt'lnt x'g k'U5g . pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf cfOkg]{ b'Mvb l:yltdf ToxL dgf]åGbsf] e'ldsf k|an b]lvG5 .

g]kfnL syf ;flxTosf cu|0fL ;|i6f ejfgL leIf'sf] of]ubfg clj:d/0fLo 5 . dft[efiff g]kfnL geP klg g]kfnL efiff;flxTosf] ;]jfdf nflu/xg] leIf'sf] of]ubfg g]kfnL ;flxTok|]dLn] ;b}j ;lDem/xg] 5g .

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

!= clwsf/L cRo't/d0f -@)$(_ pGgog q}dfl;s ejfgL leIf' ljz]iff+s, sf7df8f}

@= rfkfufO{ g/]Gb| -@)$(_ leIf'sf] syfsfl/tf, pGgog q}dfl;s, ejfgL leIf' ljz]if+fs, k[= !)–@#

#= lqkf7L ;'wf -@)$(_ syfsf/ ejfgL leIf' / pgsf gf/L kfq, ejfgL leIf' ljz]iff+s, k[ !#(–!%)

$= >]i7 bof/fd -@)^)_ g]kfnL syf efu $, nlntk'/M ;femf k|sfzg .

hLjGb| b]j lu/Lsf] ;dfnf]rgf k4lt M …g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjgÚ sf] ;Gbe{df

!= ljifo kl/ro

hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L -hGdsfn M @))*_ n] xfn -@)^(_ ;Ddsf] ^ bzs eGbf nfdf] hLjg af}l4s–k|fl1s sfo{sf ;fy} l;h{gf / ;dfnf]rgf If]qdf Jo:t /x]/ ;fy{s Pjd\ uf}/jk"0f{ agfPsf] b]lvG5 . pgsf] hLjg ;fy{s x'g'df lg/Gt/ ;ª\3if{ Pjd\ ;fwgfsf] xft b]lvG5 . pgn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] rf/ bzs eGbf a9L ;do ljleGg 7fpFdf /x]/ k|fl1s sfo{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . l;h{gf / ;flxTo;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dkfbg sfo{sf ;fy} ;+u7gfTds sfo{df hLjgsf] a9L ;do latfPsf] kfOG5 . hLjgsf] nfdf] ;do cWofkgdf nufPsf lu/Lsf] Joj:yfkg snf ;Demg nfos 5 . s'zn ;+u7gstf{ Pjd\ af}l4s phf{sf wgL pgsf] hLjgdf a'9\of}nL cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cfkm\gf] hLjgdf kfl/jf/Ls lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy;fy} k|fWofkg, kqklqsfsf] ;Dkfbg, ;flxTo ;+u7g kl/rfng, eflifs ax; / tT;DaGwL lrGtgsf] k|ltkfbg nufotsf If]qdf cfkm\gf] sd{of]u k|:t't u/]sf lu/L g]kfns} k|v/ ;flxlTos k|ltef dWo] Ps x'g\ .

;'v]{t lhNnsf] l;Dtf, sflk|rf}/df hGd]sf lu/L cfkm\g} hLjgsf ljleGg psfnL–cf]/fnL kf/ ub}{ ;ª\3if{sf x/]s df]rf{df cfkm"nfO{ vfb}{ cfhsf] cj:yf ;Dd k'u]sf x'g\ . lrGtgdf dfS;{jfbL ;f]r /fVg] lu/L g]kfnsf] nf]s ;flxTosf uxg ljZn]ifs÷cg';Gwfgstf{ x'g\ . cfkm\gf] hGdynf]sf] efiffdf ljBfjfl/lw ug{ k'u]sf lu/L efiff, nf]s ;flxTosf ;fy;fy} ;flxTo ;dfnf]rgfdf klg plts} s'zn dflgG5g\ . lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno g]kfnL s]Gb|Lo ljefudf k|fWofkg ug]{ lu/L s'zn jQmf klg x'g\ .

hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf cflwsfl/s ljåfg x'g\ . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf] cGj]if0fdf pgsf] nufj Pjd\ ?rL /xFb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTonfO{ k/Dk/fut b[li6n] x]g]{ k|rngaf6 d'Qm kf/]/ nf]s ;flxTodf /x]sf hgkIfLo lrGtgnfO{ cl3 ;fg]{ sfddf pgL s'zn dflgG5g\ . lu/Lsf af/]df cWoog ug'{kg]{ ljifo y'k|} eP klg o; n]vdf hLj]Gb| b]j lu/Lsf] Pstf k|sfzgaf6 lj=;= @)^& ;fndf k|sflzt g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjg k':tssf cfwf/df pgsf] ;dfnf]rgf k4ltsf af/]df rrf{ ul/g] 5 .

@=g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjg s[ltdf k|o'Qm ;dfnf]rgf k4lt

hLj]Gb| b]j lu/Ln] g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjg s[ltnfO{ ^ v08df ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ . ^ cnu–cnu v08df nf]s ;flxTosf ljleGg ljifonfO{ pgn] cfkm\gf] n]vgLsf] ljifo agfPsf] kfOG5 . pgn] o; s[ltdf nf]s jftf{ / nf]s ;flxTo, nf]s syf, nf]s uLt, nf]s ufyf, nf]s gf6s, nf]sf]lQm ;Fu ;DalGwt n]v /rgfx? ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ . o; s[ltn] nf]s ;flxTosf] l;4fGt kIfsf] rrf{sf ;fy} g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfdf k|ltlalDat hg hLjgnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf]n] nf]s ;flxTosf] l;4fGt kIfsf] hfgsf/L /fVg] rfxg] / nf]s ;flxTodf g]kfnL hg hLjgnfO{ lgofNg rfxg] b'j}nfO{ o;n] ;xof]u k'Ug] n]vssf] egfOn] klg of] s[lt n]vgsf] p2]Zo :ki6 x'G5 .

o; s[ltdf lu/Ln] d"ntM ;flxTosf ljBfyL{ / cg';Gwfgstf{ b'j}nfO{ nfe x'g] u/L n]vg sfo{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljBfyL{x?n] vf]h]sf] ;}4flGts kIf klg kfOg] / lh1f;' cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] vf]h]sf] ;fdflhs kIf klg kfOg] ePsf]n] s[ltn] Jofks If]q cFufn]sf] b]lvG5 .

nf]s ;flxTosf l;4fGt kIfsf] af/]df rrf{ ug]{ qmddf lu/Ln] nf]s jftf{ / nf]s nf]s ;flxTo, nf]ssyfsf] ;}4flGts kIf, g]kfnL nf]s gf6s M Ps rrf{ nufotsf n]vdf nf]s ;flxTosf] ;fy;fy} o;sf ljwfx?sf] kl/ro lbg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . nf]s jftf{ / nf]s ;flxTo n]vgdf nf]s jftf{sf] Pp6f c+usf ?kdf nf]s ;flxTonfO{ lrgfPsf 5g\ . To;/L g} nf]s ;flxTosf af/]df ljleGg k"jL{o Pjd\ kfZrfTo ljåfgx?sf egfOx? klg pgn] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . nf]s jftf{sf ljz]iftf lrgfpg'sf ;fy} nf]s ;flxTosf ljwfx?sf] ;d]t kl/ro k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} nf]ssyfsf] ;}4flGts kl/rodf nf]s syfsf af/]df lrgf/L k|:t't ug'{sf ;fy} kl/efiff Pjd\ k|sf/x? klg lrgfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL nf]s gf6s M Ps rrf{ df g]kfnL nf]s gf6ssf] k/Dk/fsf af/]df rrf{ ug'{sf k|d'v nf]s gf6sx?sf] af/]df lrgf/L lbg] sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf gf/L / afn aflnsfnfO{ s] s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;Gbe{df hLj]Gb| b]j lu/Ln] ;'Id cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . gf/Lsf sf]0faf6 nf]s syf, g]kfnL nf]suLtdf gf/Lsf ax, afn aflnsfsf uLtsf b[li6n] e]/L If]q, sn;fsf] wdf/L, b'Nn' dfOt hfpF nufotsf n]vx?df g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfdf g]kfnL gf/L Pjd\ afn aflnsf nfO{ s'g ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 / pgLx? :jo+sf] e"ldsf Pjd\ lqmofsnfk s] s:tf] 5 eGg] af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfhdf /x]sf] k/Dk/fut lrGtg, ?9Lu|:t dfgl;stfsf ;fy} gf/Lx?sf] ;ª\3if{ Pjd\ jL/tfsf k|;ª\u klg logL n]vx?df cfPsf] 5 . afn aflnsfsf uLtsf b[li6n] e]/L If]qdf k|rlnt nf]s uLtdf uLtsf] juL{s/0f sf ;fy} ltgsf ljz]iftf klg j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . e]/L If]qsf afn aflnsf nfO{ nf]s uLtdf s] s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 / ltgsf] ;+/rgf s] s:tf] 5 eGg] af/]df lu/Ln] JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 .

nf]s ;flxTosf ljwfx?df nf]s k/Dk/f, ;+:s[lt, rfnrng, rf8kj{sf ;fy} ;fdflhs k|rngsf s'/f bzf{pg] n]vx?df r08L gfrdf ufOg] nf]s uLt, nf]s uLtdf bz}F, ;}/f]nf] k|yf, 8a uLt, nf]s sljtfsf ?kdf ;jfO{ k|yf, ;Qfsf] bdgdf e'h]{nL afx'g x'g\ . :yflgo kl/j]z, ;+:s[ltsf ;an, b'a{n kIfsf ;fy} ;fdflhs hg hLjgsf cfF;' / v'zLsf cg]s kIfx? oL n]vx?df pb\3fl6t 5g\ . rf8kj{sf gfddf lgDgjuL{o hgtfn] s] s;/L b'Mv kfpF5g\ / pgLx? nfO{ s] s:tf] ;d:of cfO{k5{g\ eGg] s'/f nf]s uLtdf bz}F n]vdf dfld{s 9ª\un] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ;Qfsf] bdgdf e'h]{nL afx'g n]vdf cfkm\g} k/Dk/fut lrGtg / zf;sx?sf] s'b[li6sf sf/0f hLjg u'dfpg k'u]sf afx'gsf] hLjgsf] sf?l0fs cGTosf] 36gf kfOG5 . o; afx]s dfly pNn]lvt cGo n]vx?df :yflgo ;f+:s[lts k|rngdf /x]sf nf]s ;flxlTos ljwf / ltgsf] ;Gb]zsf ;fy} ;+/rgfTds kIfsf af/]df lu/Ln] cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

lu/Ln] ;fdfGo dflg;sf] hLjgdf cfOkg]{ b'Mv–kL8fsf ;fy} pgLx?sf] hLjgsf] sf?l0fstfnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ nf]s ;flxlTos /rgfx?sf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . P]ltxfl;s svf{ gjnl;Fx aflgof, sn;fsf] wdf/L, gf/Lsf sf]0faf6 g]kfnL nf]s syf, g]kfnL nf]s uLtdf gf/Lsf ax, sfJodo zf]suLt, ;Qfsf] bdgdf e'h]{nL afx'g nufotsf n]vdf ;fdfGo hgtfn] ljleGg cj:yfdf kfpg'k/]sf b'Mv–si6sf ;fy} pgLx?sf] hLjgsf] sf?l0fstf k|:t't ePsf] 5 .

hLj]Gb| b]j lu/Ln] g]kfnsf] nf]s ;flxTo df kfOg] k|ultzLn kIfnfO{ vf]Hg'sf] ;fy} ltgsf] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] g]kfnL gf/Lx?sf kL8f / ;ª\3if{sf ufyf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf ljwfx?df kfOg] l;ª\3if{zLntf, ;fd'lxs efjgf, zf]if0fsf] lrq0f, >dk|ltsf] cf:yf, pRr juL{o rl/qsf] kbf{kmf;, ?9Lut ;+:sf/sf] lj/f]w, lgDg ju{k|lt ;Dj]bgf, ;dfh Joj:yfsf lj;ª\ult nufotsf kIfdf ;d]t pb\3f6g u/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL nf]s;flxTodf ;fd'lxstfaf]w / k|hftflGqs ;f]rsf s'/fx? kfOG5g\ . tL lrGtg / dfGotfnfO{ cuf8L Nofpg] sfd nf]s ufyfdf k|hftflGqs cEof; gfds n]vdf ul/Psf] 5 . nf]s ;flxTodf k/Dk/fut ?9L dfq kfOG5, To;df hgtfsf] kIfdf sfd nfUg] s'/f s]xL 5}g, Tof] clzlIft ;dfhdf dfq 7Ls 5 eGg] ;f]r Pjd\ dfGotf dfly hf]/bf/ emfk6sf ?kdf of] n]v /x]sf] 5 .

;Qf, zlQmdf /x]sf zf;s / hgtfsf lardf 36]sf P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{;Fu ;DalGwt nf]s /rgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f o; k':tsdf ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL nf]s ufyfdf ;Qf / zlQmsf ljljw cj:yf, gjnl;Fx aflgofsf] svf{, ;Qfsf] bdgdf e"h]{nL afx'g, b'Nn' dfOt hfpmF h:tf n]vx?df g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf ljleGg sfnv08sf /fhf /hf}6f b]lv lnP/ zfxsfn ;Ddsf /fhfx?sf k|;ª\ux? cfPsf 5g\ . s0ff{nL, e]/L / 8f]6L If]qsf /fhf dxf/fhf b]lv lnP/ /f0ff, zfxsfnLg /fhf, k|wfgdGqLsf hLjgsf k|;ª\u o;df cfPsf 5g\ . oL n]vx?df Psflt/ cfkm\g} cfkmGtsf 3ftsf sf/0f ;dfKt x'g k'u]sf zf;ssf k|;ª\u cfPsf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ;fdfGo hgtfnfO{ b'Mv hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbg], ;tfpg] Pjd\ n8fFO{df dg{ k7fpg] t/ cfkm" eg] r}gsf] ;fy al;/xg] k/kL8s, lg/+s'z zf;sx?sf rl/qnfO{ pbfª\uf] kfl/Psf] 5 . ljifoj:t'sf] JofVof ;'Id 9+un] ug]{ sfddf lu/Lsf] s'zntf oL n]vx?df k|s6 ePsf] 5 .

o;/L g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjg k':tsdf Psflt/ nf]s ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfsf] ;}4flGts kIfsf] af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ tL ljwfx?sf] ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . gf/L / afn aflnsf ;Fu ;DalGwt nf]s ;flxTosf /rgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfhdf pgLx? k|lt /x]sf] lrGtg Pjd\ Jojxf/sf ;fy} pgLx?sf] hLjgsf cg]sg kIfnfO{ :ki6 kfg]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdfGo dflg;n] ef]Ug' k/]sf kL8fsf ;fy;fy} :yflgo rfnrng, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fnfO{ klg cWoogsf] ljifosf ?kdf cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfsf /rgfdf kfOg] k|ultzLntfsf ;fy} ;sf/fTds kIfnfO{ phfu/ ug]{ sfo{df lu/L s'zn b]lvG5g\ . hgtfdf /x]sf] ;fd'lxstf af]w / k|hftflGqs ;f]r g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf s] s;/L cfPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;dfnf]rs lu/Ln] ;':ki6 9+un] b]vfPsf 5g\ . To;/L ;Qf, zlQm / ;fdfGo dflg;sf] ;DaGw g]kfnL ;dfhdf s] s;/L k|ltlalDat ePsf] 5 eGg] af/]df pgn] ;'Id 9+un] cWoog u/]sf 5g\ .

#=lgisif{

hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf Ps rlDsnf cGj]ifs÷;dfnf]rs x'g\ . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf /x]sf] k|ultzLntf, hgkIfLo lrGtgnfO{ phfu/ ug]{ sfddf lu/Lsf] of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . ;/n efiffsf ;fy} nflnTok"0f{ z}nLsf sf/0f logsf n]vgL df dL7f;kg e]l6G5 . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf /rgfdf /x]sf] ;sf/fTds, hg pkof]uL kIfnfO{ ;dfh ;fd" Nofpg] pgsf] sfo{n] g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTo k|ltsf] cfsif{0f a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . oxL uxg e"ldsfsf sf/0f pgn] k|fl1s kmfF6df cfkm"nfO{ ;Ddflgt t'NofPsf 5g\ . k"jf{~rnsf] r08L gfrb]lv ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf] ef/t ;Dd b[li6 k'¥ofpgfn] lu/Ln] l;ª\uf] g]kfnsf] nf]s ;flxTodf cfFvf k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg o; s[ltsf] pNn]Vo kIf s] /x]sf] 5 eg] o;df /x]sf w]/} n]vx? n]vssf] cfkm\gf] hGdynf] / To;}sf] jl/kl/sf] If]q /x]sf] 5 . e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qsf] nf]s ;flxTo Pjd\ efiffnfO{ cuf8L Nofpg] sfddf lu/Lsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] nf]s;flxTosf] k|d'v e08f/ ;'b"/ klZrd If]q klg xf] . ;+:s[lt, nf]s Jojxf/, Pjd\ rfnrngsf b[li6n] dWo klZrd ;Fu o; If]qsf] ;dfgtf /x]sf] kfOG5 . o; If]qtkm{ klg cGj]ifs lu/Lsf] cfFvf k'uf]; eGg] cfu|x ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;/L g} g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTosf] If]q a[xt /x]sf] 5 . o;sf ljleGg ljwfx? /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL nf]s ;flxTodf hg hLjgdf s[ltdf ljleGg ljwfsf] af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L g} lj:t[t If]qnfO{ cWoogsf ?kdf lnFbf s'g} klg ljwfsf] ;'Id ljZn]if0f Pjd\ To;sf] leqL tx;Dd k'Ug ;xh x'Fb}g . l;ª\uf] g]kfnnfO{ cWoogsf] ljifo agfP/ nf]s ;flxTosf] s'g} Ps ljwftkm{ Wofg lbFbf lbg] k|efjsf/Ltf cem a9L x'G5 . o;tkm{ cGj]ifs lu/Lsf] Wofg k'uf]; eGg] ljrf/ /fVb} pxfFsf] JolQmut Pjd\ n]vsLo hLjgsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ .

slkn nfld5fg]sf] n3'syfsfl/tf

!= ljifo k|j]z

lj=;= @)!% ;fn c;f]h !$ ut] dfem7fgf–!, sf:sLdf hGd]sf slkn nfld5fg] g]kfnL n3'syf If]qdf ;'k|l;4 ;|i6fsf] ¿kdf x'g . ;flxTo l;h{gf, k|fWofkgsf ;fy} af}l4s, ;f+:s[lts If]qdf cfkm\gf] l;h{gf kf]lv/xg' ePsf nfld5fg]n] syf ;flxTosf ;fy;fy} ;dfnf]rgf, afn;flxTo, kf7\oqmdsf k':tsx¿ k|sfzgdf Nofpg' ePsf] kfOG5 . xfn g]kfnL ufp“vfg] syfdf ljBfjfl/wL ul/x]sf nfld5fg] cWoogzLn Pjd\ phf{jfg ;|i6fsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt dflgG5g .

@= cGoyf n3'syf ;ª\u|xsf] ljj]rgf

lj=;= @)%$ ;fndf slkn nfld5fg] cGoyf n3'syf ;ª\u|x dfkm{t n3'syf ;flxTodf em'lNsPsf x'g . o; ;ª\u|xdf n3'syf / ;'qsyf ul/ #( j6f /rgfx¿ /x]sf kfOG5g . o; s[ltdf krf;sf] bzssf] cf/Desf lbgx¿df g]kfnL ;dfhsf] /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts cj:yf, 36gf, kl/36gfn] ljifosf] ¿kdf :yfg kfPsf 5g .

;fdflhs÷ kfl/jf/Ls ljifon] :yfg kfPsf n3'syfx¿df ;Eotf, ;dembf/L, ef]s, ;f+:s[lts cfbfgk|bfg, Xofnd]6, dfUg], ljiffQm, ef]6] s's'/, clgl0f{t, s'k|fx¿sf] b]z cflb /x]sf kfOG5g . ;Eotf syfdf cfkm"nfO{ zxl/of kfx'gfsf cuf8L ;Eo b]vfpg kxf8af6 cfPsf] efOnfO{ ;'Tg] cf}ifwL VjfP/ lax]df hfg jl~rt ug]{ bfh' / elthfsf] rlt{snf 5 . ;fdflhs d"Nosf] x|f; Pj+ dfgjtfljlxg k"“hLjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] e08fkmf]/ syfn] u/]sf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts cfbfgk|bfgdf g]kfnLx¿sf] l9nf;':tL k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u ul/Psf] 5 . Xofnd]6 df 7'nf7fn' / kx'“rjfnsf] dfq sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L k|j[lt pbfª\uf] kfl/Psf] 5 . ljiffQm df dflg;x¿sf] k/kL8s k|j[ltk|lt ltvf] k|xf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 eg] clgl0f{t df rf8kj{sf a]nf klg tna glbg] af]l8{ª\u ;~rfns k|j[lt b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;/L nfld5fg]sf n3'syfx¿ ;fdflhs hLjgsf ljleGg k|j[ltsf] lr/kmf/ ug}{ sfo{df ;kmn b]lvG5g .

krf;sf] bzs otfsf] g]kfnL /fhgLlt / To;;“u ;DalGwt /x]/ n]lvPsf syfx¿df Ph]G6, ljsf;sf] d'xfg, sdlgi6, df6f], e]bgLlt, emG8fjfxs, :jfy{ / ;+u7g, ;Qf, ;'tL{ / tfnL, ;dfhjfbL g]tf, O:o', r'gfj, g]tf /x]sf kfOG5g . oL syfx¿n] tTsfnLg g]kfnL /fhgLltdf b]vfk/]sf unt k|j[ltsf] lr/kmf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . Ph]G6df ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w ug]{ sfo{stf{ / ;f] sfo{sf] lj/f]w ug]{ dfG5]sf] syf 5 . lj/f]wnfO{ dTy/ kfg{ vf]Hg] cfkm} gfhjfkm eP/ hfg'k/]sf] 36gf o;df 5 . ljsf;sf] d'xfg df dxfsfnL ;GwL af/] b]vfk/]sf] ljjfbnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . sdlgi6 df /fhg}lts k'jf{u|xsf sf/0f of]Uotfsf] ckx]ngf ug]{ g]tf k|j[lt b]vfOPsf] 5 . emG8fjfxs df r'gfj lht]kl5 hgtfsf] dfgdb{g ug]{ g]tf k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u 5 . ;Qf, ;'tL{ / tfnL df ljrf/ljlxg dflg;x¿sf] af}l4s 6f6kN6fO b]vfOPsf] 5 . O:o' df ;Qf kfpg cfkm\g} sfo{stf{ df/]/ klg csf]{ ;+u7g dfly bf]if yf]k/]/ nfe lng] k|j[ltk|lt s7f]/ k|xf/ kfOG5 . krf;sf] bzssf] k|f/Dedf g]kfnL /fhgLltdf b]vfk/]sf ljs[lt, lj;+ult Pjd\ ultlxgtfsf kl/b[Zox¿ oL syfx¿df kfOG5g .

sd{rf/LtGq;“u ;DalGwt syfx¿df xflsd ;fksf]=========, ;d:of, 9fn, x]8]s cflb x'g . xflsd ;fksf]====df l9nf;':tL ug]{ / To;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] axfb'/L 7fGg] xflsd k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u 5 . x]8]s df cfGbf]ng/t sd{rf/L / ltgdfly bdg ug]{ k|j[lt b]vfOPsf] 5 . 9fn df cj;/jfbL JolQmsf] lbgrof{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . ;d:of df rfs8L ug{ ;f}uft k|:t't ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] rfs8L ug{ k|of]u ug]{ ljlwk|lt Joª\u ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

o;/L cGoyf n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] tTsfnLg /fhg}lts s'k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u ul/Psf] kfOG5 eg] csf]{lt/ sd{rf/LtGqleqsf] rfs8L, e|i6frf/, l9nf;':tLk|lt k|xf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;fdflhs÷;f+:s[lts ljrngk|lt lrGtf JoQm ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;/L /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, k|zf;lgs, kfl/jf/Ls hLjg syfsf] syfgssf] ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . l;+uf] g]kfnL ;dfh, zxl/of af}l4s ju{, g]tf, pRr sd{rf/L, wfld{s If]q oL syfx¿df kl/j]zsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5g . syfdf cfGtl/s Pj+ afxo b[li6laGb'sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] kfOG5 ,g}ltstflxg /fhgLlts Pj+ ;fdflhs kl/j]z Pj+ ltgaf6 pGd'lQm rfxg] k|j[ltlarsf] åGb syfdf b]vfOPsf] kfOG5 . syf /}lvs 9f“rfdf n]lvPsf] kfOG5 . c+u|]hL zAbx¿sf] k|of]u Pj+ zflAbs q'6Laf6 aRg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfnL zAb x'“bfx'“b} c+u|]hLk|ltsf] df]x plrt x}g sL < sltko zAb 5kfOdf pN6fkfN6f k/]/ 5flkPsf kfOG5g . o;tkm{ n3'syfsf/sf] ;r]tgf cfjZos 5 .

#= hndfgj n3'syf ;ª\u|xsf] ljj]rgf

lj=;= @)^! ;fndf ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzgn] slkn nfld5fg]sf] hndfgj n3'syf ;ª\u|x k|sfzgdf NofPsf] kfOG5 . %! j6f n3'syfx¿ /x]sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf /fhgLlt, k|zf;g, lzIff, ;dfh. kl/jf/, cfly{s hut;“u ;DalGwt ljifon] :yfg kfPsf 5g . krf;sf] bzssf] cGTosfn g]kfnL ;dfh Pj+ /fi6«sf lgldQ cToGt si6s/ eof] . oL lbgx¿df g]kfnL ;dfhdf b]vfk/]sf /fhgLlts, cfly{s, k|zf;lgs If]qsf ljs[lt, lj;+ultsf ;fy} ;z:q åGb / To;sf] df/df k/]sf hgtfsf] si6s/ hLjg o; ;ª\u|xsf] sYo ljifoj:t'sf] ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 .

/fhg}lts ljifodf n]lvPsf n3'syfx¿df dflg;x¿ / dflg;x¿, xs]{ / aGb's, 5lj, ;Unf] 3/, g]tfsf] r'gfj, /fHo;Qf, aGb's]x¿, ;QfM xl/of] rZdf, qf;bL, ;'/fsL, l6s6, df}gwf/0f, s;fO, /fli6«otf /x]sf kfOG5g . dflg;x¿ / dflg;x¿ df efjgfdf aUg] t/ oyfy{ ga'emg] dflg;x¿sf] k|j[lt lrq0f 5 . xs]{ / aGb's df åGbsfndf cgfxsdf dfl/Psf] lgl/x ufp“n]sf] oyfy{ 5 . ;QfM xl/of] rZdf df ;Qfdf uPkl5 hgtfnfO{ e'Ng] k|j[lt b]vfOPsf] 5 . df}gwf/0f df ;Qf kfPkl5 hgtf e'Ng] k|j[ltk|lt s7f]/ k|xf/ 5 . o;/L hndfgj n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf /fhg}lts lj;+ultk|lt lj/f]w /x]sf] kfOG5 .

sd{rf/LtGq;“u ;DalGwt syfx¿df sd{rf/L, c;n dfG5], 5lj cflb x'g . sd{rf/L df Jo:ttfsf sf/0f 3/kl/jf/nfO{ ;do lbg g;Sg] sd{rf/LnfO{ 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ;d]t lrGg g;s]sf] l:ylt b]vfOPsf] 5 . c;n dfG5] df ;f]emf] b]lvP klg w't{ xflsd k|j[lt 5 eg] 5lj df g}ltslxg hLPdaf6 sfd lgsfNg p;sf] unt unt lqmofsnfksf] t:jL/ b]vfP/ ANofsd]n ug'{k/]sf] 36gf b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;/L Psflt/ OdfGbf/ sd{rf/L sfdaf6 km';{b gkfpg] / csf]{lt/ e|i6«x¿ b]z / hgtfnfO{ n'6g] k|j[ltaf6 d'Qm x'g g;s]sf] ;dsfnLg oyfy{sf] k|ltlaDag oL syfx¿df kfOG5g .

z}lIfs Pj+ cfly{s If]q;“u ;DalGwt syfx¿df :s'n, 6o'zg lkm;, cleefjs !, @,#, 5'§L, ld; ls;, s'Des0f{sf] clego, Joj;fo !,@,# /x]sf kfOG5g . :s'n df ljBfyL{ NofP dfq /f]huf/L lbg] af]l8{ª\u ;~rfns k|j[lt 5 . 6o'zg lkm; df ljBfyL{ 7Ug] / gk9fpg] t/ 6o'Zfgdf hf]/ ug]{ lzIfsnfO{ ljBfyL{n] nf]Kkf VjfPsf] 36gf 5 . cleefjs !,@,# xfd|f] ;dfhsf] unt k|j[ltsf] lrq0f ul/Psf syf x'g . ljBfyL{ v/fa ePsf] elg cleefjsnfO{ eGg hf“bf cleefjs cfkm} s'ntdf nfu]sf] b]v]/ nlHht x'g'k/]sf] 36gf oL syfx¿df kfOG5 . 5'§Ldf ;“w}h;f] z}lIfs ;+:yf 5'§L eO/xg] cj:yf b]vfOPsf] 5 eg] s'Des0f{sf] clego df sfdrf]/ k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u 5 . Joj;fo !,@,# cfly{s If]q;“u ;DalGwt syf x'g . logn] cfly{s e|i6«frf/sf] s'/f b]vfPsf 5g .

;fdflhs÷ kfl/jfl/s ljifoj:t' sYosf] ¿kdf cfPsf syfx¿df C0fdf]rg, 3/, rf]/L, wfs cflb x'g . C0fdf]rg df cfkm\gf] st{Jo k'/f u/]sf]nfO{ C0fsf] ¿kdf a'emg] lktf k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u 5 . wfs df c¿sf] 3/ cfkm\gf] eGgfn] nlHht x'g'k/]sf] 36gf 5 . rf]/L df ;fdfg lbP/ dflg;x¿sf] cfk;L ljZjf; Pjd\ ;dembf/L rf]/L u/]sf] 36gf pNn]v 5 . o;/L ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls ljifosf dfWodaf6 ;dfhdf c;n kIf cuf8L cfpg'kg]{ tYo Pj+ ljrf/ n]vsn] k|s6 u/]sf] kfOG5 .

ljutsf] krf;sf] bzs g]kfnL ;dfhsf lgldQ cToGt b'Mv–si6do ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; sfndf Psflt/ lgbf]{if hgtfn] 3/jf/ljlxg x'g'k/]sf] 36gf Psflt/ 5g eg] csf]{lt/ Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf 36gf 5g . åGbsf qmddf ;/sf/L / ljb|f]xL b'j} kIfsf ;'/IffsdL{ klg dfl/Psf 36gf 36]sf kfOG5g . ljutsf] åGbsfn :d/0f u/fpg] syfx¿df xs]{ / aGb's, aGb's]x¿, :jfdLelQm, ;'/Iff, r]lsª, gsfd, l:ylt kl/jt{g, qf;bL, ;'/fsL, uf]nf]df]nf] j:t', dflg;x¿ / dflg;x¿ /x]sf 5g . aGb's]x¿ åGbsfndf dfl/Psf cnu cnu kIfsf ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' syf xf] . :jfdLelQm df hgtf dfg{ vf]Hg], ad k8sfpg vf]Hg]n] cfkm} dg'{k/]sf] 36gf b]vfOPsf] 5 . ;'/Iff df åGbsfndf ;'/IffsdL{n] b'Mv kfpg] / pgLx¿sf xflsdn] xKsfpg] k|j[lt b]vfOPsf] 5 . r]lsª df la/fnf]n] af6f] sf6bf af6f] hfd ePsf] / dflg;x¿sf] cGwljZjf;k|lt Joª\u 5 . gsfd df åGbsfndf s;}nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ klg z+sfsf] 3]/fleq kg'{ hlts} ePsf] 36gf b]vfOPsf] 5 eg] l:ylt kl/jt{g df s'g} ;do ef8fdf nfUg] 3/ klg k|x/L rf}sL glhs ePsf]n] åGbsfndf ef8fdf gnfUg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] cj:yf lrq0f 5 . o;/L ;dsfnLg oyfy{sf] k|ltlaDagdf ug]{ sfo{df n3'syfsf/ ;kmn b]lvG5g .

hndfgj n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf d'ntMM /fhg}lts If]q To;df klg ljut z;:q åGbsf 36gf syfgssf ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5g . /fhg}lts Jolerf/sf] e08fkmf]/, åGbsf gfddf hgtfn] b'Mv kfpg] cj:yf Pjd\ dfG5]x¿n] hLjg ;:t}df u'dfPsf 36gf o;sf sYo ljifoj:t' x'g . To;/L g} z}lIfs If]qdf b]vfk/]sf] c/fhstf, cJoj:yf, ult5f8f lzIfs, ljBfyL{ Pjd\ cleefjssf syfn] klg k|j]z kfPsf 5g . e|i6, nfk/jfx, cg}lts sd{rf/LtGq, dfgjtf/lxt gfkmfd'vL cfly{s–Jofklf/s If]q Pj+ ;+:sf/ / c;n kIf gePsf] ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls kl/j]zn] ;ª\u|xdf 7fp“ kfPsf 5g . ;dsfnLg g]kfnL ;dfh, /fhgLlt, k|zf;g, cy{ If]q , wfld{s If]q o; ;ª\u|xsf] kl/j]zsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . cfGtl/s / afxo b[li6laGb' b'j}sf] k|of]u ul/Ptfklg al9h;f] afxo b[li6laGb'df syf /lrt kfOG5g . syfx¿df c;n / v/fa kIflar åGb b]vfOPsf] kfOG5g . kfqx¿ l;ldt /x]sf 5g . /}lvs 9f“rfdf syf n]lvPsf kfOG5g . c+u|]hL zAbsf] k|of]u cfnf]Ro kIf xf] .

$= d'Nofª\sg

slkn nfld5fg] krf;sf] bzs otf s[lt dfkm{t b]vf k/]sf ;zQm n3'syfsf/ x'g . pgsf n3'syfx¿df Psflt/ ;dfhsf] ljb|'k oyfy{sf] lrq0f kfOG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;fdflhs Gofosf] vf]hL u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fhgLltn] lgdf0f{ u/]sf cK7\of/fx¿, ult5f8f cfly{s If]q, e|i6 Pj+ nfk/jfx sd{rf/LtGq, cg'zf;gljlxg z}lIfs If]q, ;+:sf/ljlxg kfl/jf/Ls÷;fdflhs 36gfx¿sf] lrq0f Pj+ lj;+ultsf] lj/f]w Psflt/ pxf“n] ug'{ePsf] kfOG5 eg] csf]{lt/ clwsf/ gkfPsf >dhLlj ju{k|lt pxf“sf] ;+j]bgf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf lgldQ ;flxTosf dfWodaf6 hfu/0fsf] cfjfh 3Gsfpg'sf] ;fy} hgtfsf] ;+ul7t k|of;af6 g} g]kfnL ;dfhsf] pGglt / k|ult x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; pgdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . st} ;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL, st} cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbL /rgfx¿ b]lvP klg d'ntM ;dflhs oyfy{jfbL /rgfx¿sf] cflwSo kfOG5 . n3'syfsf] ;fy} ;'qsyfnfO{ klg cuf8L a9fpg' pxf“sf] /fd|f] kIf xf] . ljb]ZfL efiffsf zAb eGbf g]kfnL Pj+ g]kfns} efiffefifLsf zAb k|of]u ug'{ plrt xf]nf . g]kfnL n3'syfnfO{ cem prfOdf Nofpg pgsf k|of;x¿ cem lqmofzLn x'g] ljZjf; /fVg ;lsG5 . g]kfnL n3'syfsf] Oltxf;df pgsf] of]ubfg :d/0fof]Uo 5 .

hLjgLsf/ k|l>t / ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho

!= ljifo k|j]z

df]bgfy k|l>t g]kfnL ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt Pjd\ Oltxf; n]vgsf If]qdf ;'kl/lrt gfd xf] . s'g} klg 36gfnfO{ ljut Pjd\ jt{dfgdf ;Gbe{x¿df hf]8]/ JofVof ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|l>t k|flrg ;+:s[ltsf ;'Id kIfx¿nfO{ vf]h]/ ltgsf] hLjgf]kof]uL kIfnfO{ phfu/ ug]{ u5{g . ;dfh ljsf;qmd, dfgj ;Eotf, ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf cg]s ljifodf pgsf] 1fg kfOG5 . o; n]vdf d'ntM k|l>tåf/f lnlvt ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho s[ltsf] af/]df rrf{ ul/g] 5 .

@= ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho s[ltsf] cWoog

df]bgfy k|l>tnfO{ hLjgLsf/sf ¿kdf lrgfpg] s[lt ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho xf] . cfkm\gf cu|hx¿ k|lt >4f JoQm ug{, cu|hx¿sf c;n Pjd\ ;dfhf]kof]uL kIfnfO{ hg;dIf Nofpg hLjgL n]vg ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] kfOG5 . olb df]tL/fd e§n] ;fd'Gg] gNofOlbPsf] eP g]kfnL hgdfg;n] efg'eQmsf] af/]df yfxf kfpg] lyPg . o;/L g} Oltxf;sf] ut{df n's]sf, x/fpg k'u]sf k|ltefx¿ nfO{ cuf8L Nofpg' dxfg sfo{ xf] . k|ltef k|lt Pjd\ ;dfhk|lt bfloTjaf]w ePsf] JolQmn] dfq o:tf] sfo{ ub{5g\ . o;} k/Dk/fdf k|l>tsf] gfd klg hf]l8P/ cfp“5 . lj=;= @)^!, ebf}df kl;gf k|sfzg, n'lDagLn] pgsf] ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho gfds s[lt k|sfzgdf NofPsf] 5 .

hLjgLsf n]vs df]bgfy k|l>tn] s[ltnfO{ kf“r v08df ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ . s[ltsf] e"ldsf :j¿k n]vssf] hLjgLaf/] eGg] n]v /x]sf] 5 . o;df l6sf/fd wg~hosf] af/]df ;fdfGo rrf{sf] ;fy} pgsf af/]df zf]wvf]h ugf{sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . k':tssf] v08 ! df vf]h–;Gbe{ /x]sf] 5 . o;df hDdf 5AaL; jif{ af“r]sf cfkm\gf dfdf l6sf/fd wg~hosf] af/]df cfkm"n] ;fg}df yfxf kfPsf] / kl5 pxf“sf] s[ltTjsf] af/]df zf]wvf]h ug{ pxf“sf] kl/jf/sf] 3/ alb{of;Dd k'u]sf] / Toxf“ s]xL s[lt / kmf]6f] kfOPsf], To:t} cGo ;fdu|L c¿ cfkmGtsxf“ kfOPsf] k|;ª\u pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

hLjgLsf/sf] st{Jo pl2i6 kfqsf] hLjgsf b'j} cGt{afXo kIfx¿ oyfzSo pbËofpg' xf], kfqsf hLjgsf dfWodaf6 hLjgLdf cfkm\gf] ljrf/ nfbg' p;sf] st{Jo xf]Og - k|wfg M @)$$ M#&_ n] eg]sf 5g\ . df]bgfy k|l>tn] klg o; s[ltdf l6sf/fd wg~hosf] hLjg / n]vgsf ljljw ljifodf k|sfz kf/]tf klg To;df cfkm\gf] ljrf/ nfb]sf] kfO“b}g .

s[ltsf] v08 b'O{df hLjgL zLif{s cGt{ut l6sf/fdsf] kfl/jf/Ls k[i7e"ld, ljjfx, lzIff, Hof]ltif Joj;fo / n]vg, lzIf0f, u'?eGbf k|v/ x'g'sf] k|;ª\u, alb{ofdf lzIfs, hfh/sf]6sf /fhfaf6 lzIfs aGg lgDtf], d[To'syf, lvlbd lkmtf{ nufotsf 36gfj[tx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

d'Vo kfqsf] hLjgsf sfof{snfk, ljrf/wf/f, 36gfrqm, k|j[ltsf] snfTds k|sfz kfg]{ tv{/ l;ª\u} /rgfel/ x'G5, cGo kfqx¿ k|wfg kfqsf] JolQmTj emNsfpg k|:t't ul/G5g\ jf k|wfg kfqsf] hLjg;“u lgs6¿kn] To:tf JolQmx¿ cGo kfqsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/G5g\ h;sf] pNn]v lagf cfn]Vo gfossf] hLjgL cw'/f] x'G5 . - k|wfgM @)$$M @(_ eg]/ eg]sf 5g\ . o; s[ltdf klg d'Vo kfq l6sf/fd wg~hosf] hLjgsf] s]Gb|df s[lt 3'd]sf] 5 / pgsf] hLjg;“u uf“l;Psf k|d'v JolQmx¿ s[ltdf cfPsf 5g\ .

v08 b'O{df l6sf/fd wg~hosf] ljjfx ;fg} pd]/df ePsf], jf/f0f;L uP/ dWodf;Ddsf] lzIff xfl;n u/]sf], Hof]ltif Joj;fo, n]vg / lzIf0f sfo{df bQlrQ eP/ nfu]sf], hfh/sf]6sf /fhfaf6 lzIfs aGg lgDtf] k7fPklg Toxf“ guPsf], cfkmg} u'¿ blw/fd d/fl;gLeGbf bIf ePsf], clGtddf sd} pd]/df d[To' j/0f ug{ k'u]sf] tYonfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .

hLjgLsf/ Oltxf; / ;flxTosf] dWodfuL{ x'G5 . -k|wfg M @)$$ M#*_ eg]/ eg]sf 5g\ . o; s[ltdf k|l>tn] Psflt/ P]ltxfl;s JolQmTj l6sf/fd wg~hosf] Oltxf;nfO{ hg;dIf NofPsf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ o;nfO{ ;flxTosf ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

v08 tLgdf l6sf/fd wg~hosf /rgfx¿ 5f]6f] lrgf/L zLif{sdf pgsf xfn;Dd k|fKt s[ltsf] ;"rgfsf ;fy} tL s[ltx¿sf] ljz]iftf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . wd{, ;flxTo / Hof]ltifsf s[lt k|sfzdf Nofpg] l6sf/fdn] s]xL s[lt kTgL / lktfsf gfddf ;d]t 5kfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnL / ;+:s[tsf 1ftf wg~hosf s[lt pTs[i6 5g\ .

l6sf/fd wg~hon] ;+:s[tdf yf]/} /rgf ug'{ePsf] ePtf klg tL /rgfx¿n] pxf“ ;+:s[t efiffsf clt pRr sf]6Lsf ljåfg / cToGt} k|efjzfnL slj JolQmTj x'g'ePsf] s'/f 5n{ª\u b]vfPsf 5g\ . -k|l>t M @)^! M $&_

v08 rf/ df l6sf/fd wg~hosf c¿ ljz]iftfx¿ df pgsf] vf]h cGj]if0f ug]{ k|j[lt, ofqf cyf{t ko{6gsf] ¿lr, /dnzf:qdf ¿lr, Hof]ltifzf:qdf ¿lr, gof“ lnlksf/ ePsf], j}1flgs ;f]r / k|fljlws ¿lr /x]sf] s'/f k|l>tn] cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .

v08 kf“r kl/lzi6 v08 xf] . o; v08df l6sf/fd wg~hosf] j+zfjnL, ;+:s[t efiffdf n]lvPsf kB, s]xL g]kfnL sljtf, l6sf/fdn] agfPsf] ;ª\s]t lnlksf ;fy} pgsf k|sflzt s[ltx¿sf] ;"rL klg lbOPsf] 5 .

o;/L k|l>tn] 5f]6} ;dodf cfkm\gf] ljnIf0f k|ltef b]vfPsf ljåfg l6sf/fd wg~hosf] hLjgnfO{ k|sfz kfg]{ sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . o; s[ltsf cfwf/df xfdL l6sf/fd wg~hosf af/]df lgDg tYox¿ k|an /x]sf] kfp“5f}+ .

-s l6sf/fd wg~hosf] kfl/jf/Ls k[i7e"ld ljåfg kl/jf/sf] lyof] . pgsf k"j{hx¿ ;flxTo Pjd\ Hof]ltifsf If]qdf Vofltgfdf lyP .

-v_ lj=;= !(^^ sflt{s z'Sn bzdLsf lbg kl08t Psb]j d/fl;gL / gf/fo0fL d/fl;gLsf cf7f}+ ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf pgsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] .

-u_ lj=;= !(&) lt/af6 cfkm\g} 3/df u'¿s'nLo lzIff u|x0f u/]sf l6sf/fdn] !! jif{sf] pd]/df sljtf n]Vg yfn]sf] kfOG5 . lj=;= !(*$ df logn] dWodf -cfO=P=_ ;Ddsf] lzIff pQL{0f u/]sf] kfOG5 .

-3_ ;fg} pd]/df ljjfx ePsf logn] ;flxTo n]vg, Hof]ltif Joj;fo / lZfIf0f If]qdf sfo{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . logL cfkm\gf u'¿eGbf k|v/ x'gfn] zf:qfy{df ljlht ePsf lyP .

-ª_ logn] ;+:s[t / g]kfnL efiffdf ;flxTo, Hof]ltif / wd{ ;DaGwL s[lt k|sflzt u/]sf] kfOG5 . lognfO{ Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt Pjd\ e"uf]nsf] klg k|of{Kt 1fg kfOG5

#= d"Nofª\sg

k|:t't s[ltdf df]bgfy k|l>tn] Oltxf;sf] ut{df x/fpg yfn]sf k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~hosf] hLjgsf] af/]df k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . nfdf] ;dokl5 k|fKt cNk ;"rgfsf cfwf/df ;fdu|L Pjd\ ;Gbe{ hf]8hf8 u/]/ n]Vg' c;xh sfo{ xf] tfklg n]vsn] k|fKt ;"rgf Pjd\ ;fdu|LnfO{ OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . hLjgsf] ;du| hLjgj[t cfpg g;s]klg ul/Psf sfo{sf] ;"rgf Pjd\ hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . st}st} efj'stfjz n]vg cfPklg oyfy{nfO{ clt/l~ht kfg]{ sfo{ eg] ul/Psf] 5}g . cflb, dWo / cGTosf] qmd k"0f{tM ldn]sf] b]lv“b}g . n]vsaf6 x/fpg nfu]sf k|ltefx¿ af/]df o:tf s[ltx¿sf] ck]Iff /fVg ;lsG5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L

k|wfg leS6/= g]kfnL hLjgL / cfTdsyfsf] ;}4flGts tyf P]ltxfl;s ljj]rgf= sf7df8f}+ M ;femf k|sfzg, @)$$ .

k|l>t, df]bgfy= ax'd'vL k|ltef l6sf/fd wg~ho= n'lDagL M kl;gf k|sfzg= @)^! .

e§sf] gd:sf/ lgaGwdf juL{otf

!=! ljifo kl/ro

gd:sf/ lgaGwsf n]vs cfgGbb]j e§ x'g\ . lj=;= !((# ;fn c;f]h % ut]sf zlgjf/sf lbg h'Dnf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd, vnª\ufdf logsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . lktf :j= hob]j e§ / :j= xL/fb]jL e§sf k|yd ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf hGd]sf e§sf] k'vf{sf] ynf] dxfsfnL c~rnsf] a}t8L lhNnf, bz/y rGb–$, kNnfrf}8nL xf] .

cfgGbb]j e§n] cfkm\gf] n]vssf] k|f/De sljtf ljwfaf6 u/]sf x'g\ . pgsf] klxnf] k|sflzt /rgf d t}of/ 5' sljtf, OGb|]0fL -jif{ !, c+s *_ @)!# df k|sflzt ePkl5 g} logsf] cf}krfl/s ;flxTo k|j]z ePsf] kfOG5 . klxnf] ;flxlTos s[lt sljtf ;ª\u|x ca lxdfn af]N5 -@)!%_ xf] . logn] ljleGg ljwfdf snd rnfPtf klg ;dfnf]rgf / lgaGw ljwfdf c¿ eGbf ;kmn b]lvG5g\ . w/tL klqsfdf a|taGw -@)!%_ pgsf] klxnf] k|sflzt lgaGw /rgf xf] . @) j6f hlt s[lt k|sflzt k|sflzt u/fO;s]sf e§sf b[li6laGb' - lszf]/ lgaGw, @)$*_ / s]xL cfTdk/s lgaGwx¿ -lgaGw ;ª\u|x, @)$(_ k|sflzt 5g\ .

cfgGbb]j e§sf lgaGwx¿ sf] ljleGg sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o; n]vdf cfgGbb]j e§sf] gd:sf/ lgaGwdf kfOg] juL{otfsf] ljZn]if0f ul/g] 5 . oxL g} o; n]vsf] ;Ldf /xg] 5 .

!=@ gd:sf/ lgaGw

gd:sf/ lgaGw ¿k/]vf klqsfsf] k"0ff{ª\s #@ df k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . kl5 o;nfO{ ;femf lgaGw @)@^ df ;ª\slnt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . k|:t't n]vdf g]kfnL lgaGw efu @ df ;ª\slnt gd:sf/ lgaGwnfO{ oxf“ cfwf/ lnOPsf] 5 . lj=;= @)%% df klxnf] ;+:s/0fdf /x]sf] g]kfnL lgaGw efu @ sf ;Dkfbs uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ x'g\ .

!=# juL{otf / gd:sf/ lgaGw

;a} lsl;dn] Ps geP klg cGt{j:t'sf b[li6n] Ps ;dfg :jfy{, k|j[lt, u'0f, ;kgf, p2]Zo / ;dli6df Ps ;dfg hLjgk4lt af]s]sf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ ju{ elgG5 . ju{x¿sf] cfwf/e"t ljlzi6tfsf] ;dli6 juL{otf xf] . gd:sf/ lgaGwdf juL{otf :ki6tM k|ltlalDat 5 .

gd:sf/ lzi6frf/ jz ul/g] cfb/o'Qm ;Daf]wg xf] . n]vsn] gd:sf/ zAbnfO{ g} lgaGwsf] d"n ljifo / zLif{s ;d]t agfPsf 5g\ . o; lgaGwdf lgaGwsf/ e§n] ljleGg dflg;x¿n] Ps cfk;df xflb{stf, k|]d / ;befj k|bz{g ug{ ug]{ gd:sf/ ;Daf]wgnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] ;dflhs k|rngsf] Ps ;j{dfGo c+usf] ¿kdf /x]sf] gd:sf/n] ljleGg vfn] dfgjLo cg'e"lt / ;+j]bgfnfO{ :kz{ ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;dfhdf /x]sf ju{x¿ / tL ju{x¿sf] lrGtgnfO{ b]vfpg] sfo{ klg n]vsn] o; lgaGwdf u/]sf] kfOG5 .

gd:sf/ >4fjz ul/g] s'/f xf] . cfkm\gf cu|h Pjd\ ;xsdL{ ldqx¿sf lar cfTdLotf / nufj k|:t't ug{ gd:sf/ ul/G5 . s'g} ;DaGw gePsf] dflg;sf lardf gd:sf/ rNb}g . Ps k|sf/n] eGg] xf] eg] kl/lrt, cfkmGt, ;fyLefO{sf lardf gd:sf/sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ / eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . klxn] gd:sf/ ug]{ / kl5 To;nfO{ l:jsf/ u/]/ kmsf{pg] dflg;x¿sf lardf Psk|sf/sf] cfTdLotf, >[4f, cf:yf clg ;befj x'G5 . o;f] ePtf klg ;a} cj:yfdf ;befj x'G5 eGg] 5}g . gd:sf/ b]vfj6L 9f]“u / :jfy{af6 k|]l/t x'G5 eg] To;n] cf}krfl/stf lgjf{x ug]{ / rfs8L ug]{ sfo{ dfq u/fp“5 .

gd:sf/ lgaGwdf Psn ;+jfbfTds z}nL k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;xof]uL ;fyLsf] k|;ª\ub]lv lnP/ tkf“O{ zAbsf] k|of]u u/]/ lgaGwdf lghfTdstf NofPsf 5g\ . ;dfhsf cldNbf kIfk|lt Joª\Uo ug'{sf ;fy} juL{otf b]vfpg] sfd klg n]vsn] u/]sf 5g\ .

lgaGwdf cfkm\gf] k]zfdf bIf geP klg, of]Uotf gk'u] klg bfpk]r n8fP/ k|wfg cWofks aGg] ;fyLsf] k|;ª\udf juL{otfsf] emns /fd|/L kfOG5 . cfkm" x]8 df:6/ eO;Sbf klg 3/a]6L a'9L / :yflgo ;fx' dxfhg nufotn] klg df:6/ ;fa gd:sf/ eGbf pgsf] dg lvGg x'G5 . pgL 6fpsf] lgx'/fP/ cf}krfl/stf k|s6 u5{g\ . pgdf cfkm" pRr ePsf] efjgfsf] af]w kfOG5 . c¿ dflg;x¿ ;a u“jf/, hGt'x¿ x'g\ / ltgn] cfkm\gf] plrt ;Ddfg ug{ ;s]gg\ eGg] pgdf cg'e"lt kfOG5 . pgL cfkm\gf] c;Gt'li6 k|ToIf k|s6 ug{ ;Sb}gg\ t/ pgsf] Jojxf/n] Tof] s'/f b]vfOxfN5 . pgL gd:sf/sf] hjfkm /fd|/L kmsf{pg ;d]t cK7\of/f] dfG5g\ . 6fpsf] dfq xNnfpg] u5{g\ . of] pgdf /x]sf] ;fdGtL ;+:sf/ xf] . ;fdGtL ;+:sf/n] pgL slt;Dd u|:t /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f pgsf] lgDg ;Djfbn] klg bzf{p“5 . . æx]gf]{;, d x]8 ;/ eO;s]“ t/ oxf“sf e'Rr8x¿ dnfO{ df8;fk gd:sf/ g} eG5g\ . s:tf u“jf/ hGt'x¿ .Æ

dflysf] ;+jfbn] cfkm"nfO{ dxfg 7fGg] / c¿nfO{ xLg, kz' ;/x 7fGg] k|j[ltnfO{ b]vfPsf] 5 .

To;/L g} csf]{ k|;ª\udf 5f]/LnfO{ k9fpg cfpg] df:6/n] k9fpg gcfp“bf …tkf“O{Æ kfqsL >LdtLsf] ;+jfbdf klg ;fdGtL k|j[ltsf] 5gs kfOG5 .

ævf]O{, df:6/ t cfh klg cfPgg\, s:tf 7u /x]5g <Æ

oxf“ df:6/ eg]sf] ;fgf] dflg; xf] / pm 7u klg xf] eGg] s'/f cfPsf 5 . c¿nfO{ x]Kg], ;fdGtL ;+:sf/sf] ulx/f] k|efj pgdf klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf nflu ;+u7g ug]{ / Toxf“ xfnLd'xfnL ug{ gkfp“bf /fd|f] s]xL klg gb]Vg] k|j[lt klg lgaGwdf n]vsn] b]vfPsf 5g\ . b]z / hgtfsf] enf] ePtf klg cfkm\gf] lxt gb]v]kl5 g]tfhLn] æwf]sf wf]sf dfq 5 oxf“Æ df klg ;fdGtL lrGtg ha{h:t 9+un] cfPsf] 5 . cfkm" x'“bf 7Ls / cfkm" gePkl5 ;a a]l7s 7fGg] k|j[lt vt/gfs 5 . o; k|j[ltn] ;dfhdf clxt g} u/]sf] 5 .

cfkm\gf] rfs8L gug]{ / :jfledfgk"j{s af“Rg rfxg] sfof{nosf sd{rf/LnfO{ xflsd kbdf /x]sf] ;'Aafn] if8oGq u/L b'Mv lbg] sfo{ ub{5 . kl5 if8oGq c;kmn ePkl5 p;n] ToxL d'lvofnfO{ dL7f] af]nLdf, æa'em\g'ef], tkf“O{sf] k|df]zgsf lglDt -vbf{/Ldf_ d}n] n]v]/ k7fPsf] 5' uf]Ko . wGbf dfGg'kb}{g gLÆ eg]/ ukm nfp“5 . csf]{lt/ ToxL xflsd pQm d'lvof uO;s]kl5 æTo;n] gd:sf/ u/]sf] s:tf] 5 x]/ t . sf]/Ln] xft hf]/]h:tf]Æ eg]/ p;sf] 3f]/ lgGbf Pjd\ ckdfg ug{ yfN5 . p;df /x]sf] xflsdL k|j[lt Pjd\ ;fdGtL dgf]j[ltnfO{ lgaGwsf/n] /fd|/L b]vfPsf 5g\ .

o;/L gd:sf/ lgaGwdf ;dfhdf /x]sf] ;fdGtL ;+:sf/nfO{ b]vfOPsf 5 . dflyNnf ju{n] cfkm"eGbf sdhf]/, ;fwgxLg, pk]lIft Pjd\ ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;nfO{ s] s;/L x]Kg], ckdflgt ug]{ u5{g\ . o;sf emns lgaGwdf k|:t't ;+jfbx¿df cfPsf] kfOG5 . of] pgLx¿sf] JolQmut lrGtg dfq xf]Og, pgLx¿sf] ;d'bfosf] ;fd'lxs lrGtg klg xf] . JolQm :jo+ ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd ;“u} ljsl;t x'“b} hfG5 / ToxL cg's'n ;fdflhs b[li6sf]0fsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ hfG5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf s]xL x'g]vfg], s]xL k9]n]v]sf dflg;x¿sf] b[li6df cfkm"eGbf sd ;DkGg, sd k9]n]v]sf dflg;x¿ k|lt ;lxi0f' x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ dflns / c¿nfO{ bf; 7fGg] ub{5g\ . lgaGwsf/n] o:tf] k|j[ltk|lt Joª\Uo u/]sf] kfOG5 . JolQmn] ;r]t, c;r]t h'g ¿kdf u/]sf] eP klg p;n] ug]{ lqmofsnfk df juL{otf cfPsf] x'G5 . o; lgaGwdf k|;ª\jz cfPsf JolQm kfqx¿n] klg oxL k|j[ltsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ .

df:6/ ;fasf k|;ª\udf cfPsf] csf]{ kIfsf] k|ltlqmof cfPsf] 5}g\ . To;/L g} 6o'zg k9fpg] df:6/sf] eg] k|ltlqmof cfPsf] 5 . p;df lhDd]jf/Laf]w kfO“b}g . k9fpg] cfkm\gf] st{Jo k'/f ug{ 5f]8]/ klg hGt hfg] pgsf] k|j[ltn] j}slNks lrGtg jf ;f]rsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{g . pm ;fd'lxs kfq geP/ JolQm kfq xf] . p;df ;fd'lxs lhDd]af/Laf]wsf] s'g} klg cg'e"lt 5}g .

sfo{fnosf ;Gbe{df cfPsf] d'lvof kfqdf eg] juL{otfsf ;fy} ju{åGbsf] ;d]t cg'e"lt kfOG5 . p;n] xflsdk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] cleJolQm o;/L lbPsf] 5 . æxfd|f] ;'Aaf ;fkn] gd:sf/ kmsf{p“bf t s:tf] nfU5, xf]Og < Psbd cfkm\g} afa'n] cfzL{jfb lbPh:tf] t/ pgn] dnfO{ ;q lbgdf kfg{ vf]h]sf] klg ;Dem g, ltg} hDnf xftn] kfgLdfly k]6«f]n an]h:tf], cgf}7f] .Æ

o;/L d'lvofn] cfkm\gf] xflsd k|lt lbPsf] cleJolQmdf 3'0ffsf] efj kfOG5 . pgn] cfkm\gf] k|ultsf] afws ToxL xflsd xf] eg] a'em]sf] 5 .

;fdflhs hLjgsf cg]sg 36gf, kfq, ltgsf dgl:ylt / Jojxf/nfO{ l6k]/ Joª\ufTds lgaGw k|:t't ug]{ lgaGwsf/sf] snf nf]enfUbf] 5 . lgaGw /rgfdf klg syf, pkGof;, gf6s h:t} lsl;dn] ;+jfbsf dfWodaf6 dflg;x¿ sf k|j[lt k|:t't ug]{ sfo{ n]vsn] /fd|/L u/]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf /x]sf ju{ / ltgsf] Jojxf/, lrGtgnfO{ b]vfpg lgaGwsf/ ;kmn b]lvG5g\ .

@= lgisif{

g]kfnL ;flxTosf] kmf“6df ;dfnf]rssf ¿kdf a9L gfd sdfPsf cfgGbb]j e§sf] l;h{gfTds n]vg klg ;an 5 . cfkm\gf lgaGw /rgfdf ;dfhsf cg]sg ljifo kIfnfO{ e§n] ;'Id ljZn]if0fsf ;fy k+|:t't u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;d:ofsf] p7fg ug]{ / k|:t't ug]{ snfdf n]vs ;kmn 5g\ . o; lgaGwdf klg pgn] xfd|f] ;dfhsf ljleGg ;+:sf/ Pj+ ;+:s[lthGo ljs[ltnfO{ p7fg u/]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf /x]sf dflg;x¿sf] dfgl;stf / Jojxf/sf kIfnfO{ s]nfpg] sfo{df pgL ;kmn 5g\ . lgaGwdf juL{otfsf] :j¿k ;Unf] ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . lgaGw /rgfdf klg JolQm dgf]lj1fgsf] kIfnfO{ ;dflji6 ug'{ / ljleGg ju{sf dflg;x¿sf] lrGtg / k|j[ltnfO{ ;+jfbfTds ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{ n]vssf] s'zntf b]lvg cfp“5 . olt /fd|f] n]vsLo ;Lk ePsf n]vsn] ;dfwfgsf af6fsf af/]df af]n]sf] eP /rgf cem ;zQm x'g] lyof] eGg] d]/f] a'emfO 5 . lgaGwn] ;+:s[ltsf] Ps kf6f]nfO{ b]vfPtf klg of] juL{otfaf]w eGbf dfly p7g ;s]sf] 5}g . juL{o ;d:of b]vfpg'sf ;fy} juL{o d'lQmsf af/]df klg s]xL s'/f af]n]sf] eP /rgf cf]lhnf] x'g] lyof] . juL{otfaf]w g} o; lgaGwsf] ;Ldf dfGg ;lsG5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;|f]t

zdf{, uf]kLs[i0f= -;Dkf=_= g]kfnL lgaGw efu–@= sf7df8f} M ;femf k|sfzg=

@)%% .

l3ld/], s[i0fk|;fb= -;Dkf=_ cfgGbb]j e§ M kl/ro k'l:tsf, sf7df8f}+ M cleofg ;flxTo k|lti7fg, @)^& .

syfsf/ gj/fh l/hfn / pgsf] syfsfl/tf

!=! ljifo k|j]z

gj/fh l/hfn g]kfnL cfVofg ;flxTosf If]qdf ;'kl/lrt ;|i6f x'g\ . lj=;= @)@@ ;fndf wflbªdf hGd]sf l/hfnsf] hLjgsf] clwsf+z ;do af/f lhNnfsf] 8'd/jfgfdf lat]sf] kfOG5 . xfn sf7df8f}+df /x]/ k|fWofkgsf ;fy} ;flxTo n]vg, kqklqsf k|sfzgsf] If]qdf ;+nUg l/hfnsf cb[Zo kL8f -n3'syf, @)%&_, ljvl08t k|jfx -syf, @)^#_ / df6f] vf]Hb} -n3'syf, @)^&_ u/]/ tLgj6f syf s[lt k|sflzt 5g\ . o; afx]s kfFr j6f afnsyf s[ltsf ;fy} afluofg zdf{ gfdaf6 Pp6f uhn s[lt klg k|sflzt kfOG5 . l/hfnsf] afnsyfsf ;fy} cGo ljwf n]vg clxn]sf] cWoogsf] ljifo xf]Og . o; n]vdf l/hfnsf b'O{ j6f n3'syf ;ª\u|x / Pp6f syf ;ª\u|xsf cfwf/df pgsf] syf n]vgsf k|j[ltx¿ lg¿k0f ug]{ k|of; ul/g] 5 .

!=@= n3'syfsf/ gj/fh l/hfn

lj=;= @)#( kmfu'gdf dft[e"ld ;fKtflxsdf kfunsf] rfxgf gfds syf n]vgaf6 gj/fh l/hfn ;flxTo If]qdf k|j]z ub{5g\ . s[lt k|sfzgsf qmddf klxnf] s[lt cb[Zo kL8f lj=;= @)%& ;fndf k|sfzg x'G5 . l/hfnsf s[ltx¿sf] ;"rL x]g]{ xf] eg] k|f}9 / afn ;flxTosf u/]/ * j6f s[ltx¿ k|sflzt kfOG5g\ . o; cfwf/df x]bf{ pgsf] n]vgsf] clwsf+z ;do syf n]vgdf lat]sf] kfOG5 . cl3Nnf] n3'syf s[lt cb[Zo kL8f k|sfzgsf] Ps bzs kl5 lj=;= @)^& df cfP/ df6f] vf]Hb} k|sflzt x'G5 .

!=@=! cb[Zo kL8f n3'syf ;ª\u|xsf] ljj]rgf

cb[Zo kL8f n3'syf ;ªu|xsf] d"n sYo kfl/jfl/s ÷;fdflhs ljifo jl/kl/ 3'd]sf] kfOG5 . o; afx]s /fhg}lts 36gfqmd, k|zf;goGqsf ;fy} z}lIfs kl/j]z klg cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnL gf/Lx¿ ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf klg n]vsn] snd rnfPsf 5g\ .

l/hfnsf n3'syfdf Psflt/ lgDgjuL{o hLjgsf kL8f, cfqmf]z, s'07f kfOG5g eg] csf]{lt/ ;fdGtL zf]if0fdf k/]/ hLjg si6k"0f{ latfpg afWo hLjgsf syf k|:t't 5g\ . cfkm" lau|] klg ;Gtfg ;k|f]; eGg] rfxgf /fVGg] cleefjs ;Gtfg cfkm"h:t} ePsf] b]Vbf lhNn k5{ . vfgf ld7f] ePg eg]/ >LdtLn] vfgf kmfNg nufpFbf Pp6f ef]sf] dfUg] dfG5]nfO{ Tof] vfgf lbFbf v'zL ePsf] k|;ª\u klg logsf syfdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . ;dfhdf k};f ePkl5 7"nf] dfG5] ePsf] 7fGg] ;f]rsf] k|efj ;Gtfgdf k/]sf]df hjfkm lbg g;Sg] cleefjssf ljifo klg l/hfnn] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ctL{, cleofg, hLjg–Joyf, qmd, lg¿Q/, ljZjf; nufotsf n3'syfdf o:tf efjljrf/ kfOG5g\ .

;fdflhs hLjgsf cg]sg syfnfO{ pgn] cfkm\gf] n3'syf n]vgsf] ljifo agfPsf 5g\ . ;dfhdf 5'jf5'tsf] lj/f]w u/]h:tf] u/] klg cfkm} 5'jf5'tnfO{ k|>o lbg] bf]x/f] rl/qsf ;dfh;]jL kfOG5g\ . cuf8L ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf kb hf]ufO/xg d]l/d]6g] dflg; 5f]/f5f]/L km]n ePkl5 kb 5f]8g] u5{g\ . ;dfhdf ax'ljjfx gug{ pkb]z lbg] dflg; cfkm} 5f]/fsf] ax'ljjfx u/fpF5g\ . To:t} ;dfhdf lgDgju{ k|lt lje]b ug]{, dlxnfx¿sf] zf]if0f ug]{ u5{g\ . dhb'/nfO{ xltof/ agfP/ cfGbf]ng ug]{ / kl5 cfkm" dflns ;Fu ldn]/ dhb'/nfO{ cnkq kfg]{ dhb'/ g]tf k|j[lt klg n3'syfdf cfPsf] 5 . k};fsf nflu of}gsd{ ug]{ dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt syf klg pgn] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf n3'syfdf ;Gbe{, cfFvLem\ofn, :jfy{, ljut–cfut, cg'e"lt, dfgjtf, w't{tf, 7x/, sfo/ / jL/, k]6 kb{5g\ .

g]kfnL /fhgLlt / To;;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo klg pgsf] n3'syf n]vgsf] ljifo ag]/ cfPsf] 5 . hgtfn] ;fd"lxs sfo{ ubf{ ;xof]u gug]{ t/ sfd ;kmn x'g] 5fF6 b]v]kl5 cl3 ;g]{ w't{ ufpFn] g]tf k|j[lt oxfF b]vfOPsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ ljutdf ;tfpg] dflg; g} Joj:yf kl/jt{g kl5 klg g]tf eP/ ;dfhdf b]vf kg]{ / kLl8t hgtfn] p;}nfO{ dfGg'kg]{ lj8Dagf klg kfOG5 . /fhgLltsdL{n] e|i6 sd{rf/L sfvL RofKg], /fhgLlts cfwf/df ;dfhdf ljefhg x'g] / ;fd"lxs sfo{ slxn] klg gx'g] l:ylt xfd|f] j/k/ e]l6G5 . g]tfx¿sf] 9f]FuL clg kfv08L rl/qsf] e08fkmf]/ ug'{sf ;fy} e|i6frf/sf] k};fn] e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL ¥ofnL x'g] u/]sf] k|;ª\u klg n]vsn] k]z u/]sf 5g\ . t8se8s ;lxt afnlbj; dgfpg] ;/sf/L k|zf;goGqnfO{ ;8s afnaflnsfsf] jf:tf g} x'Fb}g . 3/]n' sfdbf/ afnaflnsfsf] af/]df klg pgLx¿ nfO{ s'g} jf:tf g} x'Fb}g . dflg;sf] of]Uotf eGbf p;sf] ;DkltnfO{ dxTj lbg] gf/L k|j[lt klg xfd|f] ;dfhsf] tLtf] oyfy{ xf] . ;dfhsf o:tf tLtf lk/f k|;ª\u l/hfnsf n3'syfdf kfOG5g\ .

o;} ;Gbe{df /fdk|;fb 1jfnLn] e"ldsfsf] qmddf eg]sf 5g\ M– æljs[t /fhgLlt, dfgjLo c;dfgtf, z}lIfs c/fhstf, o'jf a]/f]huf/L, e|i6 sd{rf/L k|zf;g, a9bf] ul/aL, x'{sFbf] j]Zofj[lt, km}nFbf] afnzf]if0f nufot cg]s ;d:ofx¿ dfly n3'syfsf/ l/hfnsf] b[li6 k'u]sf] 5 . o:t} sd}of k|yf, ;dfh;]jf, gf/L, cGwljZjf;, dhb'/ cflb kIfsf ;d:ofx¿ klg o; n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf pb3fl6t 5g\ . Æ - 1jfnL, @)%& M ^ _

;dfhdf JofKt dlxnf lx+;f, :jtGqtfsf] gfddf :jR5Gb x'g vf]Hg] k|j[ltsf n3'syf klg pgn] l;h]{sf] kfOG5 .

cb[Zo kL8f n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf ;d;fdlos oyfy{sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . lgDgjuL{o hLjgsf syf–Joyfsf ;fy} cfqmf]z, c;Gt'li6 ;d]t cfPsf] kfOG5 . ;dfhsf cu|0fL JolQmx¿ ;dfh kl/jt{gdf eGbf ;fdGtjfbL gLlt /Iffdf nflu/xG5g\ . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf cGofo ;xg afWo eO/xG5g\ . o:tf c;xh cj:yfsf syfx¿ k|:t't 5g\ . lgDg ju{sf afnaflnsf k|lt ckx]ngf, gf/Lx¿ k|lt zf]if0fk"0f{ Jojxf/sf ;fy} e|i6 k|zf;goGqsf 36gf k|:t't 5g\ .

o;} ;Gbe{df e"ldsfsf/ /d]z uf]vf{nLsf] egfO pNn]Vo 5 . æclehfTo / ;Qfl;gsf lx+;|s ;f]rn] ubf{ dWod, lgDgdWod / lgDgju{n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] y'k|} k|tf8gfnfO{ logn] o'uf]lrt 9ª\un] JofVof u/]sf 5g .Æ -uf]vf{nL, @)%& M !@_

lj=;= @)$& ;fnb]lv @)%% ;fn;Ddsf] cjlwdf n]lvPsf oL syfx¿df g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|ltlaDa cfPsf] kfOG5 . 36gfk|ltsf] t6:y k|:t'ltsf ;fy} cfnf]rgfTds b[li6 klg kfOG5 . æ;flxlTos jfb;Fu cfkm" 6f9f /x]sf]Æ eg]/ n]vsn] cfkm\gf] cfTdsYodf eg]tf klg pgL To;af6 6f9f efUg eg] ;s]sf 5}gg\ . dflg; rfx]/ jf grfx]/ klg jfb;Fu 6f9f /xg ;Sb}g . p;sf] k|:t'lt, ;f]r Pjd\ ljrf/n] p;nfO{ st} g st} pEofOxfN5 . gj/fh l/hfn klg o;af6 k[ys /xg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgsf n]vgdf b]lvPsf] lgDgjuL{o hLjgk|ltsf] ;Dj]bgf, ;fdflhs d"NoxLgtfk|lt lrGtf, e|i6frf/L k|j[ltk|lt Joª\u, dlxnf / afnaflnsf k|lt ul/g] e]befj, ckx]ngfk|lt cfqmf]zn] pgnfO{ hgju{s} n]vssf] >]0fLdf pEofpF5 .

st} nfdf] / st} 5f]6f] jfSofTds k|:t'lt x'g', syfdf lgaGwfTds k|:t'lt x'g' pgsf] n]vgsf] ljz]iftf xf] . n3'syfdf cfsl:ds cf/De, ;xh ljsf; Pjd\ rdTsfl/s cGTo x'g'kb{5 . o;n] kf7snfO{ tLj| ;Dj]bgf jf ;Gb]z k|bfg ub{5 . n3'syf nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg n]vsn] ;hutf ckgfpg} kg]{ x'G5 . n3'syfsf] cGTo rdTsfl/s ePg eg], o;n] s'g} ;Gb]z, Joª\u, ljb|f]x k|:t't ug{ ;s]g eg] n3'syf n]vg k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb}g . o;tkm{ cfkm\gf] k|of; hf/L /fVg n]vsn] hfu¿s x'g}k5{ .

;fdflhs oyfy{sf] k|:t'lt, cfnf]rgfTds b[li6sf ;fy} hLjgd'vL ;f]rn] pgnfO{ ;r]t n3'syfsf/sf] ¿kdf pEofPsf] 5 .

!=@=@ df6f] vf]Hb} n3'syf ;ª\u|xsf] ljj]rgf

Dff6f] vf]Hb} gj/fh l/hfnsf] kl5Nnf] n3'syf s[lt xf] . klxnf] n3'syf s[lt k|sfzgsf] Ps bzs kl5 cfPsf] o; s[ltdf n]vssf] ljrf/–b[li6 klxn] eGbf Jofks, ;3g Pjd\ lj:t[t eP/ cfPsf] kfOG5 . lj=;= @)%) b]lv @)^% sf aLrdf n]lvPsf / kqklqsfdf k|sflzt n3'syfx¿ o; s[ltdf /x]sf] n]vssf] cfTdsYo kfOG5 .

o; s[ltdf cfOk'Ubf n3'syfsf/sf] /fhg}lts ljifok|ltsf] b[li6 Jofks ePsf] kfOG5 . e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w u/] h:tf] u/]/ cem emg e|i6frf/ ug]{ k|j[lt a9bf] 5 . ;lxb kl/jf/sf] larNnL eO/x]sf] 5 . zlQmsf] k'hf ug]{ sfo{df cj;/jfbLx¿ nflu/x]sf 5g\ . bf]x/f] åGbsf sf/0f hgtf k|tfl85 5g\ . km'6fpg] / zf;g ug]{ g]tf k|j[lt kfOG5 . aGb, x8tfnn] hgtf df/df k/]sf 5g\ . g]tfn] a]Odfg sfvL Rofk]/ hgtfnfO{ e]8fafv|f ;Demg] sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . o:t} vfn] ljs[lt, lj;+ult bzf{pg] n3'syfx¿df lsDjbGtL, d"No, kfq, >]0fL, 3ft, ;kmntf, b'/blz{tf, cg;g, ljho kb{5g\ .

kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf 36gf–kl/36gf klg pgsf] n]vgsf sRrf kbfy{sf ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . 3/kl/jf/d} klg x'g] / gx'g] lar x'g] lje]b, 5f]/L / a'xf/Ldf e]b ug]{, cfdfafa', efOefO, efOa}gL, nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf lar klg kfOg] Jojxf/ut leGgtf, ckfª\u x'Fbf ul/g] Jojxf/ cflb 36gf k|blz{t ug]{ n3'syfdf :d[lt, v/fgL, s[t1tf, ;f]r, ;hfo, :jfy{, ;"rL kb{5g\ .

;dfhdf eO/xg] 36gfnfO{ klg n3'syfsf/n] cfkm\gf] ljifo agfPsf 5g\ . bfOhf] glng] HjfFO{nfO{ sd dxTj lbg] dfOtL, ladf/ x'Fbf ;xof]u gug]{ cfkmGt, pkb]zs k|j[lt oxfF cfPsf 5g\ . c¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg] dfgjLo k|j[ltsf ;fy} blntleqsf] 5'jf5't nfO{ klg pgn] ljifo agfPsf 5g\ . dlxnfsf] 5f8f of}g k|j[lt k|lt klg pgn] Joª\Uo u/]sf 5g\ .

cfly{s ultljlwdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] leq\ofPsf b'u{'0f, k};fd'vL k|j[lt k|lt n]vssf] tLj| cfqmf]z /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;flxTo If]qdf u'6aGbLaf6 k'/:sf/ lng], df[tefiffsf] ljsf; ug]{ eg]/ ;'66fOdf 7fFl6g] k|j[lt klg n3'syfdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . e|i6 sd{rf/L kl/j]z, c;lxi0f' ;xl/of kl/j]zsf ;fy} j}b]lzs /f]huf/n] dflg;x¿df NofPsf ljs[t kIfsf] klg pgn] rrf{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . k};fn] dflg;df ;DaGwdf NofPsf] gofF ;f]r klg syfx¿df cfPsf] kfOG5 . ljut z;:q åGbsf ;dodf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] kfpg' k/]sf] ;f:tLtkm{ klg n]vssf] b[li6 k'u]sf] kfOG5 .

e"ldsfsf/ slknb]j nfld5fg] gj/fh l/hfnnfO{ lzNk;r]t ;h{s dfG5g\ . pgsf n3'syf cGt{j:t'sf b[li6n] hlt rf]l6nf 5g\, To;nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ lzNk;+/rgfsf b[li6n] klg Tolts} rf]l6nf ePsf] nfld5fg] atfpF5g\ . -nfld5fg], @)^& M 6_

df6f] vf]Hb} n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf n]vssf] ljrf/ km/flsnf] eP/ cfPsf] kfOG5 . ;fdflhs hLjgsf cg]sg kIfdf pgsf] Wofg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . /fhg}lts If]qsf 36gf, kfl/jf/Ls÷;fdflhs 36gfqmdsf ;fy} cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, ;flxlTos, k|zf;lgs If]qsf 36gfsf ;fy} åGbsfnLg ;dfhsf] lrq klg cfPsf] kfOG5 .

e"ldsfsf/ ;'s'd zdf{sf cg';f/ gj/fh l/hfn ;d;fdlos ;dfhsf] oyfy{ cfVofgLs/0f ug]{ syfsf/ x'g\ . logsf syfdf kfl/jfl/s dd{ hlt 5 Tolt g} JolQmsf] ;dfh;Fusf] cGt{lqmof 5 . pgL ;dfhaf6 g} hLjgsf] d"Noaf]w u5{g\ / To; d"Nosf] cfu|x n3'syfdfkm{t kf7s;Fu klg u5{g\ . -zdf{, @)^& M t_

;fgf–;fgf jfSo, kfq 5gf}6df ljljwtf, k|ltssf] k|of]u pgsf] df6f] vf]Hb} n3'syf ;ª\u|xsf] ljz]iftf xf] . clwsf+z n3'syfdf ;fdflhs ljs[lt, lj;+ultsf] lj/f]w ePklg sltko n3'syf eg] krfpg c;xh nfUg] vfnsf 5g\ . d'cfAhf, cj:yf h:tf n3'syf c;xh k|s[ltsf nfU5g\ . /fhgLlts ljs[ltsf] lj/f]w ug]{ gfddf /fhgLlt k'/} v/fa xf] eGg] lrGtg k|:t't ug]{ n3'syf klg 5g\ . /fhgLlt hlt;'s} v/fa ePklg o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ /fhgLlt g} xf] . o; s'/fdf n]vsn] Wofg lbg' h¿/L x'G5 .

!=# gj/fh l/hfnsf n3'syfTds k|j[ltx¿

n3'syfsf/ gj/fh l/hfnsf n3'syfdf j}olQms hLjgsf dd{ b]lv lnP/ ;dfh Pjd\ /fi6«sf ljljw ljifox¿ cfPsf] kfOG5 . /fhg}lts ljifosf ;fy} k|zf;lgs If]q, cfly{s lqmofsnfk, ;flxTo hut;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf klg l/hfnsf] snd k'u]sf] kfOG5 .

cb[Zo kL8f n3'syf ;ª\u|xdf 7"nf–;fgf jfSox¿ kfOG5g\ eg] df6f] vf]Hb} df ;fgf jfSox¿ kfOG5g\ . kl5Nnf] s[ltdf pgsf] n]vgsf] ljifo If]q Jofks ePsf] kfOG5 . kl5Nnf] s[ltdf kfqut ljljwtf kfOG5 . ;+jfbfTds z}nL, 5f]6f jfSofTds /rgfn] n3'syf /f]rs ePsf] kfOG5 . cl3Nnf] s[ltsf t'ngfdf kl5Nnf]df cfVofg ;an kfOG5 . kl5Nnf] s[ltdf k|of]ufTds z}nL klg kfOG5 .

gj/fh l/hfnsf n3'syfn] cfnf]rfTds oyfy{jfbL ljrf/ b[li6nfO{ ;d]6]sf] kfOG5 . ;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL k|j[lt klg pgsf] csf]{ kf6f] xf] . Psfw syfdf cltoyfy{jfbL / k|s[tjfbL lrGtg cfP klg pgsf] n]vg cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbL÷;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL lrGtgs} ;]/f]km]/f]df 3'd]sf] kfOG5 .

@=syfsf/ gj/fh l/hfn

syfsf/ gj/fh l/hfnsf] ljvl08t k|jfx gfds ;ª\u|x lj=;= @)^# df ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzgn] k|sfzgdf NofPsf] kfOG5 . of] syf s[ltdf ljleGg ljifosf !* j6f syf /rgfx¿ k|sflzt kfOG5g\ .

@=! ljvl08t k|jfx syf ;ª\u|xsf] ljj]rgf

ljvl08t k|jfx syf ;ª\u|xdf kfl/jfl/s 36gfsf ;fy} ;fdflhs kl/j]z, k|zf;lgs ultljlwsf ;fy} /fhgLlt;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo klg cfPsf] kfOG5 . pgsf syfdf :yflgotf / cf~rlnstfsf] k|efj 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df e"ldsfsf/ s]zj pkfWofo o:tf] eG5g, æl/hfnsf syfx¿df pgL a;]sf / lxF88'n u/]sf If]q tyf kl/j]zsf] hLjg lrlqt 5 . o; ;Gbe{df pgn] t/fO{sf] ufpFn] hLjgsf] / To;df klg :yflgo cg]kfnL efifLsf] hLjgsf] lrq0f u/]/ pNn]vgLo sfd u/]sf 5g\ .Æ -pkfWofo, @)^# M ª_

ef]hk'/L tyf yf¿ efiff af]lng] 8'd/jfgf uflj;sf afl;Gbf l/hfnn] cfkm\gf syfdf tL efiffx¿ nfO{ :yfg lbg'sf ;fy} g]kfnL cg'jfb k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . cfkm" g]kfnL dft[efifL ePtf klg :yflgo kl/j]z, efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] ;Ddfg ug'{n] pgsf] lrGtg km/flsnf] ePsf] cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljvl08t k|jfx df hDdf !* j6f syfx¿ ;ª\u|lxt 5g . o; dWo] wl/Ifg sfsf, k'g/fdg, hLjg/]vf, km]xl/:t, /d'jf, k6fk]If, cl:tTj, k|ltljDa n] ;fdflhs kl/j]znfO{ k|blz{t ub{5g\ . wl/Ifg sfsf t/fO{sf] lgDgjuL{o kl/j]znfO{ bzf{pF5 . lgDgjuL{o wl/Ifg bDkltsf ;Gtfg x'Fb}gg\ . c¿n] 5f]8]sf] aflnsf kfn]sf] / 7"nf] ePkl5 Tof] s]6L 3/af6 efu]/ kl5 3/ kms]{sf] 36gf o; syfdf k|:t't 5 . k'g/fudg df 3/ 5f]8]/ cnu a;]sL dlxnf kl5 3/ km]s]{sf] syf 5 . hLjg /]vfdf ef/tdf a]lrg k'u]sL dlxnfsf] bogLo l:ylt 5 . km]xl/:t cfkm\g} ;ª\3if{n] cufl8 a9]sL dlxnfsf] syf 5 . wf]sf lbg] kltaf6 cnu eP/ klg cfTd;Ddfg k"j{s hLjg afFRg ;kmn ePsf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . /d'jf df ul/aLsf sf/0f b'b{zf ef]Ug'k/]sf] kfqsf] syf 5 . ;ª\sNk df k'¿if zf]if0faf6 d'lQm rfxg] dlxnfsf] ljZjf; k|s6 5 . k|ltlaDa df ;dfhdf ;xL JolQmsf] sb/ x'g g;s]sf] tYo k|:t't 5 . lj36g df a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿sf] dgf]bzf k|:t't 5 .

cg'Ql/t syf k|zf;lgs unt lqmofsnfk bzf{pg] syf xf] . y'gfdf k/]sL gf/LnfO{ anfTsf/ u/]/ dfg]{ k|x/Lsf] cfTdl:js[lt o;df 5 . cfkm'n] u/]sf] ck/fw / To;kl5 kfPsf]nfO{ JoQm u/]sf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df nId0fk|;fb uf}tdsf] egfO o:tf] 5 . …===syfdf ;fdflhs, kfl/jfl/s / ljljw kl/j]zsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ k|:t't ub}}{ cfhsf dfG5]sf] ljvl08t tyf la8Dagfk"0f{ hLjgsf ljljw kIfx¿nfO{ s]nfOPsf] kfOG5 . - uf}td, e"ldsf M @)^# M 5_ n] eg]sf 5g\ .

gj/fh l/hfnsf] b[li6 /fhgLlt;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf klg k/]sf] kfOG5 . v6Kjfn, kl/lw, k|nfk, d"No, z]if, af6f] o:tf] vfn] ljrf/ /fVg] syfx¿ x'g\ . v6Kjfn df af9Lsf sf/0f cefju|:t ePsf] ufpF b]vfpg'sf ;fy} ul/aLsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . dflg;x¿ dl//xFbf klg jf:tf gug]{ / x]lnsK6/ dfq p8fO/xg] ;/sf/L k|j[ltsf ;fy} dflg;x¿sf] r/d b'b{zfdfly n]vsn] cfkm\gf] snd rnfPsf 5g\ .

kl/lw syfdf kfl/jfl/s k|;ª\usf dfWooaf6 åGb/t ;dfhlt/ kms]{/ x]g]{ r]i6f ul/Psf] 5 . k|nfk syfdf ;Qfd'vL ;+:s[ltk|lt Joª\Uo 5 . åGbu|:t ;dfhsf] lrq0f 5 . z]if df /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf] cx+sf/ nfO{ ljifo agfOPsf] 5 eg af6f] df /fhgLlts cfwf/df dfG5]nfO{ ljeflht ug]{ s'/fdf cfkm\gf] lj/f]w /x]sf] s'/f n]vsn] bzf{Psf 5g\ .

gj/fh l/hfnsf syfx¿df Psflt/ kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf 36gf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts, k|zf;lgs If]qsf s'/f klg cfPsf 5g\ . :yflgo kl/j]z, ;+:s[lt Pjd\ efiff, ;+:s[lt k|:t't ul/Psf l/hfnsf syfdf lgDgjuL{o hLjgsf si6k"0f{ hLjgnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . Psflt/ kl/jf/ 5f]8]/ :jtGq x'g rfxg] dlxnf kfq kl5 3/ kms]{sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ k'¿ifsf] zf]if0faf6 d'Qm eP/ :jtGq 9+un] cfkm\gf] hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ dlxnf kfq klg syfdf cfPsf 5g\ . /fhgLlts åGb, g]tfx¿sf] cxd tyf hglj/f]wL lqmofsnfksf sf/0f hgtfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] ;d:of klg syfdf kfPsf] kfOG5 .

pgsf syfdf ;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL÷cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbL :j/ k|v/ ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . clt oyfy{jfbL r]tgf klg pgsf] csf]{ n]vg k|j[lt xf] .

syfdf 5f]6f–5f]6f jfSox¿ kfOG5g\ . lgaGwfTds z}nL klg cfPsf] 5 . sltko syfx¿df k|ltssf] l;h{gf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

s'g} klg s'/f kfq dfkm{t af]Ng nufpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . n]vsn] efif0f h;/L Psxf]/f] j0f{g ul//xg'n] syfsf] /f]rstf x/fpF5 . /f]rstf ePg eg] syf k7gdf cfsif{0f cfpFb}g . o; tkm{ n]vssf] ;hutfsf] vfFrf] 5 .

/fhgLltdf b]vf k/]sf cFWof/f kIfn] ;dfhsf] cu|udgsf/L ljsf;df sfF8]tf/ t];f{pF5 . Ps ;do jf cj:yf /fd|f] ePg eGb}df ;Fw}el/ To:tf] eO/xG5 eGg] 5}g . /fhg}lts ¿kdf ;r]t ;|i6fn] ;fdfGo ljrf/z"Go n]vs h;/L lg/fzf / s'07f dfq k|s6 u/]/ x'Fb}g . o;sf ;an kIf bzf{pg] / unt kIf ;'wf/sf nflu ;dfwfgsf af6f b]vfpg] syf n]Vg' h¿/L eO;s]sf] 5 . ljs[lt, lj;+ultsf 36gfsf] k|:t'lt ubf{ To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klg oxL ;dfhleq 5 eGg] klg x]Ssf /fVg}kg]{ x'G5 .

# lgZsif{

lj=;=@)%& b]lv lnP/ @)^& ;Ddsf] Ps bzsdf gj/fh l/hfnsf] syf n]vgn] dxTjk"0f{ km8sf] df/]sf] b]lvG5 . b'O{ j6f n3'syf, Pp6f syf ;ª\u|xsf ;fy} kfFr j6f afnsyf s[lt n]vgaf6 pgn] cfkm"nfO{ syf n]vgdf lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn /fv]sf] kfOG5 . oL s[ltx¿df pgsf] hLjg b[li6 k|ltlalDat 5 .

g]kfnL n3'syf If]qsf cu|0fL gj/fh l/hfnsf] of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ 5 . ;+VofTds tyf u'0ffTds b[li6n] /fd|f n3'syf pgn] l;h{gf u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|f/Dedf s]xL lzNkut sdhf]/L ePsf n3'syf ePtf klg kl5Nnf] s[ltdf w]/} ;'wf/ cfPsf] kfOG5 . Psfw /rgfnfO{ 5f]l8lbg] xf] eg] pgsf n3'syfn] krf;sf] bzs otfsf] ;dfhsf] ;hLj lrq ptf/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] b'Mvsi6, ;fdflhs d"NoxLgtf, /fhg}lts–k|zf;lgs If]qsf c;ª\ult pgsf] n]vgsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . n3'syf n]vgdf ljifout, kfqut ljljwtf kfOG5 .

l/hfnsf syfdf j}olQms k|;ª\ub]lv lnP/ kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts kl/j]zsf] lrq0f kfOG5 . pgsf syfdf lgDgjuL{o hLjgsf] b'Mvsi6sf] j0f{g, /fhg}lts ljs[lt, k|zf;lgs cJoj:yf, clgolGqt cfly{s If]qsf ;fy;fy}{ g]kfnL gf/L hLjgsf cg]sg dd{sf] klg lrq0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

dWo t/fO{ -gf/fo0fL c~rn_ sf hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt syfx¿ k|:t't ug]{ logsf] syfdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf cGo kl/j]z klg cfPsf] kfOG5 . lgaGwfTds k|j[lt klg logsf] n]vgsf] ljz]iftf xf] . cl3Nnf] n3'syf s[ltdf nfdf 5f]6f jfSo kfOg] ePtf klg kl5Nnf s[ltx¿df eg] 5f]6f jfSox¿ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . Psfw syfdf k|ltssf] klg k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .

gj/fh l/hfnsf] syf n]vgdf Ps¿ktf kfOFb}g . pgsf clwsf+z syfdf cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbL k|j[lt kfOPtf klg ;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL, cltoyfy{jfbL Pjd\ k|s[tjfbL :j/ klg pgsf /rgdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . n]vssf] j}rfl/s ;f]r eGbf leGg vfn] syf klg pgn] l;h{gf u/]sf] kfOG5 .

gf/fo0fL c~rnsf] af/f x'Fb} g]kfnL ;flxTosf] kmfF6df cfkm\gf] sd{of]u k|:t't ug]{ gj/fh l/hfn dWo t/fO{nL hLjgsf] zAblrq ptfg]{ Ps s'zn lzNkL x'g . g]kfnL cfVofgsf] kmfF6df cem /fd|f /rgf k|:t't ug]{ ljZjf; /fVg ;lsG5 .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;|f]t

pkfWofo, s]zjk|;fb=ægj/fh l/hfn / pgsf] n]vgofqfÆ= ljvl08t k|jfx, -n]=_ gj/fh l/hfn= af/f M k|1fkg k|sfzg=@)^# .

uf]vf{nL, /d]z= cb[Zo kL8fM d]/f] cg'e"ltÆ cb[Zo kL8f -n]=_ gj/fh l/hfn, af/f M k|1fkg k|sfzg= @)%& .

uf}td, nId0fk|;fb= æljvl08t k|jfxdf b[li6k|jfxsf] cg'zLntfÆ= ljvl08t k|jfx -n]=_ gj/fh l/hfn= af/f M k|1fkg k|sfzg, @)^# .

nfld5fg], slknb]j= ægj/fh l/hfnsf oL n3'syfx¿ M n3'syfdf yk Ps v'6\lsnf]Æ= df6f] vf]Hb} -n]=_ gj/fh l/hfn= af/f M k|1fkg k|sfzg, @)^& .

zdf{ ;'s'd= æjt{dfgsf] k|ltljDa df6f] vf]Hb}= df6f] vf]Hb} -n]=_ gj/fh l/hfn= af/fM k|1fkg k|sfzg, @)^& .

1jfnL, /fdk|;fb= æ3fdn] d;Fu k|sfz dfu]kl5Æ= cb[Zo kL8f -n]=_ gj/fh l/hfn= af/f M k|1fkg k|sfzg= @)^# .

नेपाल वाङ्मय परिषद

सिर्जनाको सौन्दर्य (समालोचना, २०६९)

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